2010年考研英語高分策略：語法考點大突破

　　【參考譯文】在迎接這樣一種規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)時，這樣說毫不夸張：“團結(jié)則生存，分裂則滅亡”——假如我們必須選擇一句表語的話，那將是“在個性中保持共性”。

　　【真題例句】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months。(2007英譯漢)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】冒號前為本句主要部分，句首為if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句，從句采用if + were to，與將來相反，主句為would do形式。冒號后為解釋說明，使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【參考譯文】假如你審查2006年世界杯錦標(biāo)賽每位足球運動員的出生證明，很可能發(fā)現(xiàn)一個引人注目的奇怪現(xiàn)象：優(yōu)秀足球運動員更有可能生在上半年，而不是下半年。

　　3.lest引導(dǎo)虛擬結(jié)果

　　【真題例句】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth。(2003閱讀2)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。逗號前為主句，后面是lest引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，多采用虛擬語氣，lest+should do(should可省略)。

　　【參考譯文】他們應(yīng)該對報刊的讀者來信及時作出反應(yīng)，以免動物權(quán)利的誤導(dǎo)言論在毫無質(zhì)疑的情況下橫行，從而獲得一副虛假的真理的外衣。

　　【真題例句】What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar。(2000閱讀5)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。逗號前為主句，由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語，由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作表語。兩個逗號之間為插入語，是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊用法。句末是lest引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，省略了should。

　　【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢想和雄心，唯恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪和庸俗不堪。

　　(六)目的狀語從句

　　由that, so that, in order that等詞引導(dǎo)，如：

　　【真題例句】“By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says。(2001英譯漢)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是一個直接引語，句首部分為介賓作的方式狀語，主句為computers could pick up what we feel…and stimulate feeling too…,其中so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

　　【參考譯文】他說：“通過直接與我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的連接，計算機可以捕捉到我們的感受，并且，我們希望，它還可以模擬我們的感受。那樣我們就能夠開發(fā)全方位的虛擬環(huán)境，就像電影《完全回憶》中的虛擬假期或《星際旅行》中的全息甲板一樣。

　　【真題例句】A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. (2003完形)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干使用了被動語態(tài)，A variety of activities should be organized…，so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，包含兩部分participants can remain active是主句，as long as they want…是條件狀語從句，句末的兩個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down都作前面go on to something else的伴隨狀語。

　　【參考譯文】相反，成年人通過策劃創(chuàng)造一些適合他們能力、適合他們注意力持續(xù)時間的角色，并且制定一些明確的規(guī)則，可以幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感。

　　【真題例句】However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different(2005閱讀1)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是一個復(fù)合句，開始是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，其中包含so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，在此結(jié)果狀語從句中，賓語部分由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，what在從句中作賓語。主干部分在句末，their behavior became markedly different。

　　【參考譯文】然而，當(dāng)兩只猴子被放置于隔開但是相鄰的房間時，它們可以互相觀察對方用巖石能換到什么東西，這樣它們的行為就變得明顯不同了。