2010年考研英語高分策略：語法考點(diǎn)大突破

　　3.Wh-引導(dǎo)表語從句

　　【真題例句】This, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed。(2000閱讀3)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干This is what…，介詞短語in brief作插入語。表語部分為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，what在從句中作賓語。冒號后為復(fù)合句，具體說明(話的)內(nèi)容。

　　【參考譯文】下面簡單介紹一下未來主義詩人的觀點(diǎn)：一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，人類的生活狀況一直在有條件地加速，到了現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)生活在一個(gè)喧囂、暴力和快速的時(shí)代。

　　【真題例句】Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep。(2003閱讀1)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句子為主從復(fù)合句，主句在逗號前，since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，由it充當(dāng)形式主語，真正主語在不定式后to tell good information from bad，翻譯為“因?yàn)楹茈y區(qū)分信息的真?zhèn)巍�。代詞that指前，where引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作狀語，理解為“在這種情況下”。

　　【參考譯文】當(dāng)然這種公開渠道的諜報(bào)活動(dòng)也有其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)楹茈y區(qū)分信息的真?zhèn)巍６�這正是斯特福德公司謀生之所在。

　　【真題例句】Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge。(2004閱讀4)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句子中，where引導(dǎo)表語從句，并且在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，破折號后not to pursue knowledge與前面的to get a practical education為并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)，均作目的狀語。介詞for連接的介賓短語作原因狀語。注意for the sake of為常考詞組，譯為“為了……”。

　　【參考譯文】甚至學(xué)校也成了讓孩子接受實(shí)用教育的場所，而不是為了知識而追求知識。

　　【真題例句】And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with foreign investment。(2001閱讀2)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句子中，why引導(dǎo)表語從句why America’s…were built…，并且在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。從句中謂語動(dòng)詞由被動(dòng)語態(tài)be built充當(dāng)。

　　【參考譯文】因此美國的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施—包括公路、港口、高速公路、港口城市等等——都是用國外資金建造的。

　　(三)if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

　　if(…or )， whether(…or not)引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，其功能和wh�矎木涞墓δ芟嗤�。翻譯時(shí)，譯為“是否”，采用順譯法，如：

　　【真題例句】However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question。(2005閱讀1)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句子為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。whether引導(dǎo)由or并列的兩個(gè)主語從句whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans和whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,譯為“是……，還是……”

　　【參考譯文】但是這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立演化而成，還是來自于三千五百萬年前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題。

　　【真題例句】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。(2009-49)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句句首部分為since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，主句部分為we cannot help直到末尾，其中謂語部分help considering賓語部分由whether or not引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability充當(dāng)，其中又包含一個(gè)限制性定語從句which will secure this ability修飾先行詞powers。