2010年考研英語高分策略：語法考點(diǎn)大突破

　　【參考譯文】平等主義的情緒因?yàn)閾?dān)心大眾沒有準(zhǔn)備好自治和民主經(jīng)常得到緩和。

　　【真題例句】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media. (2007-48)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干為But the idea that…rests on…，idea后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that the journalist must understand…，說明idea的具體內(nèi)容。在此同位語從句中，我們注意到使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【參考譯文】新聞記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，這種觀點(diǎn)基于他們對新聞媒體已確立的規(guī)約和特殊責(zé)任的理解。

　　【真題例句】The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (2008完形)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干為一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)The idea…is…主語idea后跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明其具體內(nèi)容。句末hypotheses后的that引導(dǎo)定語從句that dare not speak its name，that在從句中作主語指代先行詞hypotheses。

　　【參考譯文】一群人可能比其他人更聰明這一看法，是眾多不敢公開名稱的假設(shè)之一。

　　【真題例句】He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。(2008完形)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句首部分為本句的主干He helped popularize the idea，同位語從句that some diseases not previously thought to…說明idea的具體內(nèi)容。從句中的主干為some diseases were actually infections，過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)not previously thought to have a bacterial cause為后置定語，修飾diseases，逗號后為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾限定前面的idea，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。在此定語從句中，又包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，代詞it也指代前文的idea。

　　【參考譯文】他幫助普及了一個(gè)概念：過去認(rèn)為不是由細(xì)菌造成的一些疾病實(shí)際上是傳染病。這種看法在最初提出時(shí)引起了很大爭議。

　　(二)名詞性wh-從句

　　由wh-詞引導(dǎo)，包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等。

　　1.Wh-引導(dǎo)主語從句

　　【真題例句】What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. (2000閱讀5)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句逗號前為既包含主語從句，又包含表語從句的主句。其中主語部分由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，表語部分由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)。中間插入的部分as easily and openly as once they could使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，修飾前面的動詞短語confess fully to their dreams。句末的lest引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)虛擬的從句，構(gòu)成形式是should+do，should被省略。此從句中使用了被動語態(tài)be thought，并列的三個(gè)形容詞pushing, acquisitive and vulgar作補(bǔ)語。

　　【參考譯文】事實(shí)上，人們不能像從前那么輕松公開地坦承自己的夢想，以免被人看作是愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪和庸俗。

　　【真題例句】What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents。(2000閱讀5)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。what引導(dǎo)主語從句What is odd，在主語從句中充當(dāng)主語，that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents是表語從句，注意從句中代詞that指代ambition。