2010年考研英語高分策略：語法考點大突破

　　9。長難句中經(jīng)常同時包含多個定語從句

　　【真題例句】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003-62)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】我們先注意到第一個that，只是branch前的修飾語，不引導(dǎo)從句。得到主干，一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu)——Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors…，which指代先行詞enquiry在從句中作主語。介詞短語in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that…作方式狀語，其中定語從句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena修飾先行詞manner，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中指代先行詞作use的賓語。在翻譯時，為避免定語部分過長，我們將which從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，將that從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語。

　　(2)關(guān)系代詞指人并構(gòu)成介詞短語，介詞提前時，只用whom。

　　【真題例句】On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted�瞫uicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。(2002閱讀4)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】去掉句首介賓，本句主干為many acknowledge that…，其中acknowledge的賓語由賓語從句that the assisted�瞫uicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients充當。在此賓語從句中，定語從句for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying修飾先行詞patients，由于介詞for提前，關(guān)系代詞使用賓格whom，指代patients與for連接使用作從句中的狀語，翻譯為“對……而言”。

　　【參考譯文】在另一層面，很多醫(yī)學(xué)界的人承認，協(xié)助自殺爭議部分是由于病人極度絕望引起的，對他們而言，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長了他們死亡前的肉體痛苦。

　　(3)關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，該關(guān)系代詞在從句中表示“某人(先行詞)的”。

　　【真題例句】As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor。(2002閱讀2)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干是一個被動語態(tài)the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos，以but連接的兩個由whose引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，都修飾先行詞gizmos。在第一個定語從句whose presence we barely notice中，whose指代先行詞gizmos作presence的定語，二者連用作barely notice的賓語;第二個定語從句whose universal existence has removed much human labor中，whose指代先行詞gizmos作universal existence的定語，二者連用作從句的主語。句首的as a result為介詞短語作狀語。

　　【參考譯文】結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界充滿了越來越智能化的小玩意，這些小玩意的出現(xiàn)是我們幾乎注意不到的，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了很多勞動力。

　　【真題例句】Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care。(2003閱讀2)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句子中，主干為Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates。關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care修飾先行詞scientists，關(guān)系代詞whose作arguments的定語，指代先行詞scientists。從句中的謂語使用了現(xiàn)在進行時，由and并列，分別為are confusing和(are)threatening。