2010年考研英語高分策略：語法考點(diǎn)大突破

　　【參考譯文】科學(xué)家需要對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者作出有力的反擊，因?yàn)樗麄兊挠^點(diǎn)正在迷惑公眾，阻礙了健康醫(yī)療的發(fā)展。

　　【真題例句】This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own。(2005英譯漢)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干清晰，是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)This entails reducing our dependence…，其中介詞短語on the North American作dependence的后置定語。逗號(hào)后whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions，修飾先行詞North American market，whose作programs的定語，同時(shí)指代先行詞“North American market”。在該定語中，relate to的賓語experiences and cultural traditions由定語從句which are different from our own修飾，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中指代先行詞experiences and cultural traditions作主語。

　　【參考譯文】這就意味著要減少對(duì)北美市場(chǎng)的依賴，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓?jié)目里包含不同于我們的經(jīng)歷和文化傳統(tǒng)。

　　8。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，譯為“像……那樣”。

　　【真題例句】Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. (2009閱讀4)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干在兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，為一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句as one clergyman learned…as在從句中作learned的賓語，后又包含一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句who mocked that…修飾clergyman，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞mocked后的賓語從句由that引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)。

　　【參考譯文】與此同時(shí)，與戴恩相比，許多定居者并沒有那么虔誠(chéng)，就像一位牧師在遇到海邊的人時(shí)聽到的那樣，那些人嘲弄說他們不是為了宗教來到新大陸的。

　　9。長(zhǎng)難句中經(jīng)常同時(shí)包含多個(gè)定語從句

　　【真題例句】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003-62)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】我們先注意到第一個(gè)that，只是branch前的修飾語，不引導(dǎo)從句。得到主干，一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)——Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors…，which指代先行詞enquiry在從句中作主語。介詞短語in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that…作方式狀語，其中定語從句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena修飾先行詞manner，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中指代先行詞作use的賓語。在翻譯時(shí)，為避免定語部分過長(zhǎng)，我們將which從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，將that從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語。

　　【參考譯文】斯特福德公司的簡(jiǎn)報(bào)不同于華盛頓通常的反反復(fù)復(fù)——政府各部門借這種反反復(fù)復(fù)來避免作出激動(dòng)人心的聲明，因?yàn)樗麄冞@些聲明可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

　　【真題例句】The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living。(2006英譯漢)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干在句首，為The definition also excludes the majority of teachers，逗號(hào)后為介詞despite構(gòu)成的短語作狀語。其中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句that teaching has traditionally been the method…解釋說明fact的具體內(nèi)容。在此同位語從句中，whereby引導(dǎo)定語從句whereby many intellectuals earn their living，相當(dāng)于by + 先行詞method，在從句中作方式狀語，我們理解為“借此手段”。

　　【參考譯文】這一定義也把大多數(shù)教師排除在外，盡管事實(shí)是——按傳統(tǒng)看來，教學(xué)一直是許多知識(shí)分子謀生的手段。