2010年考研英語(yǔ)高分策略：語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大突破

　　【參考譯文】霍夫斯塔說(shuō)我們國(guó)家的教育體系控制在這樣一些人手中——他們“得意并挑釁地宣稱他們對(duì)智商的敵視，以及他們認(rèn)同那些在智商方面最沒(méi)有希望的孩子們。”

　　【真題例句】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his

　　primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底)

　　way about moral problems。(2006-46)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。主句為I shall define him as an individual…。定語(yǔ)從句who has elected as…(直到句末)用來(lái)修飾先行詞individual，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中指代先行詞作主語(yǔ)。在該定語(yǔ)從句中，我們注意到構(gòu)成“elect…as…”的結(jié)構(gòu)，在此句中翻譯為“選擇……作為……”。

　　【參考譯文】我將他(知識(shí)分子)定義為這種個(gè)體：用蘇格拉底式的方式思考道德問(wèn)題，并將此作為自己人生的首要責(zé)任和樂(lè)趣。

　　【真題例句】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept

　　the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of

　　reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006-47)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。主干為一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)His function is analogous to that of a judge，逗號(hào)后who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning…修飾先行詞judge。在此從句中，賓語(yǔ)obligation后的定語(yǔ)由介賓結(jié)構(gòu)of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning…充當(dāng)。此介賓短語(yǔ)比較復(fù)雜，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為revealing the course of reasoning in a manner as obvious as possible，這里as obvious as possible作狀語(yǔ)，在原句中以分隔結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。句末reasoning 由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which led him to his decision修飾，which在從句中指代reasoning作主語(yǔ)。

　　【參考譯文】知識(shí)分子(參見(jiàn)前文)的作用與法官相似，他必須盡義務(wù)用盡可能清楚的方式解釋自己作出結(jié)論的推理過(guò)程。

　　【真題例句】Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created

　　equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,

　　overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will。(2008閱讀4)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干為Washington overcame the strong opposition…。兩個(gè)逗號(hào)間為who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，以分隔結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)，修飾主語(yǔ)Washington。該從句中，believe的賓語(yǔ)由名詞性從句that all men were created equal after…充當(dāng)，句末的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to grant his slaves their freedom in his will作整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)。

　　【參考譯文】在看到獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中黑人士兵的英勇表現(xiàn)并開始相信人人生而平等后，華盛頓克服了親屬的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，按照自己的意愿，讓他的奴隸們獲得了自由。

　　(2)關(guān)系代詞指人并構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，介詞提前時(shí)，只用whom。

　　【真題例句】On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that

　　the assisted�瞫uicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。(2002閱讀4)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】去掉句首介賓，本句主干為many acknowledge that…，其中acknowledge的賓語(yǔ)由賓語(yǔ)從句that the assisted�瞫uicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients充當(dāng)。在此賓語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying修飾先行詞patients，由于介詞for提前，關(guān)系代詞使用賓格whom，指代patients與for連接使用作從句中的狀語(yǔ)，翻譯為“對(duì)……而言”。

　　【參考譯文】在另一層面，很多醫(yī)學(xué)界的人承認(rèn)，協(xié)助自殺爭(zhēng)議部分是由于病人極度絕望引起的，對(duì)他們而言，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長(zhǎng)了他們死亡前的肉體痛苦。