2010年考研英語(yǔ)高分策略：語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大突破

　　【真題例句】Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”， like the concept of “set”

　　in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete

　　research and understanding. (2003-65)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞被介賓短語(yǔ)like the concept of “set” in mathematics所作的狀語(yǔ)分隔，連接后為the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept…，其中表語(yǔ)abstract concept由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding修飾，在從句中，which代替concept作主語(yǔ)。

　　【參考譯文】因此，就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣，人類學(xué)中“文化”的概念是一個(gè)抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。

　　【真題例句】He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in

　　noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。” (2008-49)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句為復(fù)合句。主句為He adds humbly that…，其中adds的賓語(yǔ)部分由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)。在此賓語(yǔ)從句中，兩個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)in noticing things 和 in observing them carefully都作狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which easily escape attention修飾先行詞things，which在從句指代things作主語(yǔ)。

　　【參考譯文】他謙卑地補(bǔ)充道，或許他“和普通人比起來(lái)，更能夠注意到那些別人不容易注意到的細(xì)節(jié)，并對(duì)此加以詳細(xì)地觀察”。

　　3。關(guān)系代詞與介詞一起用，介詞提前時(shí)，只用which。

　　(1)從句中謂語(yǔ)部分成分提前

　　【真題例句】With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for

　　whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on

　　which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。(2000閱讀3)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句包含兩個(gè)并列分句。前一分句為the case is rather difficult，后一分句whatever Futurist poetry may be…(直到句末)由for連接，表示原因。在此分句中，whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的插入部分，為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)所作的讓步狀語(yǔ)。admitting后的賓語(yǔ)由從句that the theory…may be right充當(dāng)，該賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)theory由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾，which指代先行詞theory在從句中作謂語(yǔ)部分be based on(以……為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù))的賓語(yǔ)，表現(xiàn)為介詞on提前。句首的介賓短語(yǔ)With regard to Futurist poetry作全句的狀語(yǔ)。

　　【參考譯文】但是，就未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌而言，情況卻相當(dāng)不同了，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌為何物——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能是正確的，也很難稱其為文學(xué)作品。

　　【真題例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates

　　(patterns) into which they plug each day’s events。(2001閱讀3)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句為主從復(fù)合句，主句為Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句into which they plug each day’s events修飾先行詞a set of standard templates，which在定語(yǔ)從句中指代先行詞作into的賓語(yǔ)(into提前)，我們可將其還原為plug each day’s events into(a set of standard templates)。

　　【參考譯文】多數(shù)新聞?dòng)浾叨紝W(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界，并把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式。

　　【真題例句】What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop

　　the science from which such a technology might be drawn。(2002英譯漢)