2003年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及答案

　　Text 2

　　To paraphrase 18th�瞔entury statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“ Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well�瞞eaning people just don’t understand.

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

　　Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well�瞜nown personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

　　18世紀(jì)政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾說過，“誤導(dǎo)之所以成功就在于好人不采取行動”�，F(xiàn)在就有這樣一場正在尋求終止生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的運(yùn)動，他們的理論基礎(chǔ)是動物有權(quán)拒絕被用作實(shí)驗(yàn)�？茖W(xué)家應(yīng)該對動物權(quán)利鼓吹者做出有力的回應(yīng)，這是因?yàn)樗麄兊难哉摶煜�了公眾的視聽，從而威脅到衛(wèi)生知識和保健的進(jìn)步。動物權(quán)利運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將矛頭指向生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究，原因在于它依靠公共資金的資助，并且很少有人懂得醫(yī)學(xué)研究的過程。當(dāng)人們聽到對實(shí)驗(yàn)場所虐待動物的指控時，許多人都搞不懂為什么有人會故意傷害動物。

　　例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老婦人搭起動物權(quán)利宣傳亭，在前面散發(fā)小冊子，鼓勵讀者不使用動物制品和動物實(shí)驗(yàn)制品——肉類、毛皮、藥物。當(dāng)被問及她是否反對免疫接種時，她就問疫苗是否來自動物實(shí)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)被告知的確如此時，她回答道：“那么我不得不說是的”。又問她疫病爆發(fā)時怎么辦時，她說：“不用擔(dān)心，科學(xué)家會找到一種用計算機(jī)來解決問題的方法。”這些人出于好心，只是不了解狀況而已。

　　科學(xué)必須用一種富于同情心通俗易懂的語言將信息傳達(dá)公眾，應(yīng)使用一般人能夠明白的語言，而不是使用分子生物學(xué)的術(shù)語。我們需要解釋動物實(shí)驗(yàn)與祖母更換髖骨、父親做心臟搭橋手術(shù)、嬰兒免疫接種、甚至寵物防疫注射都密切相關(guān)。許多人不明白獲得這些治療及新的治療方法和疫苗都必須進(jìn)行動物實(shí)驗(yàn)。對于他們來說，動物實(shí)驗(yàn)說得好聽一點(diǎn)兒是浪費(fèi)，說得難聽就是殘忍。

　　有很多事情需要做�？茖W(xué)家可以走進(jìn)中學(xué)課堂，展示他們的研究成果。他們應(yīng)該對報刊的讀者來信及時做出反應(yīng)，以防止動物權(quán)利的誤導(dǎo)言論暢行無阻從而給真理披上虛偽的外衣�？蒲袡C(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該對游人開放，向人們展示實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的動物得到人道的對待。最后，因?yàn)樽罱K起決定作用的是病人，所以醫(yī)療研究機(jī)構(gòu)不僅應(yīng)該吸收像斯蒂芬·庫柏這樣的名人來支持這項事業(yè)——他對動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的價值勇敢地進(jìn)行了肯定——而且應(yīng)該爭取所有接受治療的病人的支持。如果好人無所作為，一群不明真相的公眾真的有可能撲滅醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的珍貴火種。

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to.

　　[A] call on scientists to take some actions

　　[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

　　[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

　　[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement

　　47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.

　　[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable

　　[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful

　　48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s.

　　[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science

　　[C] indifference to epidemics

　　[D] anxiety about animal rights

　　49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should.

　　[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi�瞭ech means in research

　　[C] feel no shame for their cause

　　[D] strive to develop new cures

　　50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.

　　[A] a well�瞜nown humanist[B] a medical practitioner

　　[C] an enthusiast in animal rights

　　[D] a supporter of animal research