2009年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題精析

　　Text 4

　　The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth�瞔entury New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.

　　To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

　　The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

　　We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.

　　Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish.”

　　在新大陸的歷史上，被研究的最徹底的學(xué)者是17世紀(jì)新英格蘭的牧師和政治領(lǐng)袖們。根據(jù)美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)哲學(xué)史的記載，在美洲殖民地中,“其他地區(qū)的人對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)的追求都沒有這么狂熱�！睋�(jù)許多書籍及文章記載，新英格蘭的領(lǐng)袖們?cè)诿绹?guó)學(xué)術(shù)界中確立了正在發(fā)展、后來成為主流的清教傳統(tǒng)的基本主題和關(guān)注點(diǎn)。

　　通過這條途徑來了解新英格蘭人，通常意味著要首先研究清教徒的神學(xué)創(chuàng)新和對(duì)于教會(huì)的不同理念——這是我們不可忽略的重要課題。但是為了與我們對(duì)南部學(xué)術(shù)界的研究保持一致，我們可以將最初的清教徒們視作歐洲文化的傳遞者，他們根據(jù)新大陸的情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。新英格蘭作為殖民地，在追求廣為人知的禮貌及藝術(shù)鑒賞力的過程中發(fā)生了許多重要事件。

　　到達(dá)馬薩諸塞州的最早定居者包括那些在英格蘭接受過良好的教育并深具影響力的英國(guó)人。在1629年之后的十年間，除了90多位來到馬薩諸塞教堂的有學(xué)識(shí)的牧師，還有像約翰·溫斯羅普這樣的政治領(lǐng)袖，在到達(dá)波士頓之前，他是一位受過良好教育的紳士、律師及皇室官員。這些人大量寫作、出版書籍，新舊大陸都有讀者，這樣便給新大陸帶來了熱衷學(xué)術(shù)的氛圍。

　　但是，我們不應(yīng)該忘記，大多數(shù)新英格蘭人沒有受過良好教育。極少有工匠或農(nóng)民(更不用說靠他們養(yǎng)活的家人及仆人)留下文學(xué)作品以供分析，但是很明顯，他們的觀點(diǎn)并不具有很大的學(xué)術(shù)性。他們的思想中往往有一種傳統(tǒng)的迷信成份。一個(gè)名為約翰·戴恩的裁縫于17世紀(jì)30年代末移民到新大陸，他留下一個(gè)記錄，陳述了離開英格蘭的理由，內(nèi)容充滿了預(yù)兆。在一個(gè)決定性的時(shí)刻，他打開圣經(jīng)，告訴父親說，自己看到的第一行字會(huì)決定他的命運(yùn)，他讀了那些神奇的話語：“(圣經(jīng)原文)從他們中間出來，不要沾不潔凈之物，我將成為你們的神，你們將成為我的子民”。性的混亂，經(jīng)濟(jì)挫折和宗教希望——這所有的一切在他打開圣經(jīng)的一剎那都出現(xiàn)了。人們想知道戴恩在清教教堂里聽到布道牧師認(rèn)真解釋圣經(jīng)時(shí)會(huì)作何感想。

　　與此同時(shí)，許多定居者并沒有戴恩那樣虔誠(chéng)，就像一位牧師在海邊遇到一些人時(shí)聽到的那樣，那些人嘲弄說他們不是為了宗教來到新大陸的�！拔覀兊闹饕�目的是為了捕魚�！�

　　第一段中心句：The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth�瞔entury New England. 在新大陸的歷史上，被研究的最徹底的學(xué)者是17世紀(jì)新英格蘭的牧師和政治領(lǐng)袖們。

　　第二段中心句:But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. 但是為了與我們對(duì)南部學(xué)術(shù)界的研究保持一致，我們可以將最初的清教徒們視作歐洲文化的傳遞者，他們根據(jù)新大陸的情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。

　　第三段中心句:The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. 到達(dá)馬薩諸塞州的最早定居者包括那些在英格蘭接受過良好的教育并深具影響力的英國(guó)人。

　　第四段中心句:We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. 但是，我們不應(yīng)該忘記，大多數(shù)新英格蘭人沒有接受過良好教育。

　　第五段中心句:Mean while, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. 與此同時(shí)，許多定居者并沒有戴恩那樣虔誠(chéng)，就像一位牧師在海邊遇到一些人時(shí)聽到的那樣，那些人嘲弄說他們不是為了宗教來到新大陸的。

　　答案：BBDAC(解析略)