選詞填空

　　題目一：

　　本文選自2006年5月16日的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人

　　http://www.economist.com/node/5636369

　　參考原文

　　A nation of non-readers: A strange and costly disregard for books

　　MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many simply do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The averageBrazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year—less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries, spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, ranked 18th.

　　In rare accord, government, businesses and NGOs are all striving in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government launched a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things. The Brazil Reader Institute, an NGO, brings books to people: it has installed lending libraries in two São Paulo metro stations, and is planning one in a Carnival samba school. It is starting to be common to see characters in television soap operas shown reading. Cynics note that Globo, the biggest broadcaster, is also a big publisher of books, newspapers and magazines.

　　One discouragement to reading is that books are expensive. At São Paulo's book fair this week, “O Código Da Vinci” was on sale for 32 reais—more than a tenth of the official minimum monthly wage. Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.

　　But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long neglected education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s. Radio was ubiquitous by the 1930s; libraries and bookshops have still not caught up. “The electronic experience came before the written experience,” says Marino Lobello, of the Brazilian Chamber of Books, an industry body.

　　All this means that Brazil's book market has the biggest growth potential in the western world, reckons Mr Lobello. That notion has attracted foreign publishers, such as Spain's Prisa-Santillana, which bought a local house last year. American evangelical publishers are eyeing the market for religious books, which outsell fiction in Brazil.

　　But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004—289m, including textbooks distributed by the government—than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library quit after a controversial tenure. He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the collection. Along with crime and high interest rates, that ought to be a cause for national shame.

　　答案及解析

　　36. N. simply

　　本空所在句不缺其它成分，該空應(yīng)為副詞。備選副詞J) particularly(專門地、特別地)與N) simply(簡(jiǎn)單地、僅僅)中，simply符合句意“許多人僅僅是不想學(xué)著識(shí)字�！�

　　37. A. average

　　本空修飾名詞Brazilian，需要形容詞。備選形容詞A) average(平均的、普通的)E) expensive(昂貴的)K) potential(潛在的)中，average符合句意“普通的巴西人每年讀1.8本非學(xué)術(shù)書目”。且reads 1.8 non-academic books a year也在提示這里是在描述平均值。

　　38. M. ranked

　　本空是該句謂語，缺動(dòng)詞。且與前句并列，而前句用的過去式，因此本空需動(dòng)詞過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發(fā)、散布)、F) launched(發(fā)射、發(fā)動(dòng))、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)、L) quit(退出、辭職)、M) ranked(排名)和O) treasured(珍惜)。能與空后的18th構(gòu)成合理搭配的只有ranked，表示“排在第18位”。另外前句描述的也是巴西的排名。

　　39. F. launched

　　本空是該句謂語，缺動(dòng)詞。由于描述的是過去的日子，需要過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發(fā)、散布)、F) launched(發(fā)射、發(fā)動(dòng))、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)、L) quit(退出、辭職)和O) treasured(珍惜)。本空后的專有概念National Plan for Books and Reading明顯是個(gè)活動(dòng)或計(jì)劃之類，能與之構(gòu)成合理搭配的只有l(wèi)aunched，表示“發(fā)起了此計(jì)劃”。

　　40. E. expensive

　　本空做表語，主語是books，形容詞、動(dòng)詞分詞可能性較大。注意到后句提到push up their price，因此這里描述的應(yīng)該是書的價(jià)格，expensive符合話題。

　　41. H. neglected

　　本空是所在從句的謂語，且描述的是過去、主句也為過去式，因此這里需要過去式。備選的有C) distributed(分發(fā)、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)、H) neglected(忽視)和L) quit(退出、辭職)O) treasured(珍惜)。注意前句引出的話題是巴西對(duì)書籍的漠視，本句提到的也是巴西長(zhǎng)期奴隸制的影響，因此本空應(yīng)選擇neglected，表示巴西“長(zhǎng)期忽視教育”。distributed意思不合理，treasured則與這里想表示的意思相反。

　　42. K. potential

　　本空一種可能是副詞，但備選副詞只剩particularly，而其意思在這里并不合適，這里也沒有構(gòu)成其所表示的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的條件。因此只能考慮本空另一種可能：名詞。備選的有B) collection(收集)、D) exhibition(展覽)和K) potential(潛力)。potential是唯一意思合理的，表示巴西的圖市場(chǎng)“有著最大的增長(zhǎng)潛力”。

　　43. C. distributed

　　本空位于名詞后，應(yīng)為后置定語，需要?jiǎng)釉~分詞;by提示了這里需要過去分詞。備選的有C) distributed(分發(fā)、散布)、G) named(取名、提名)和L) quit(退出、辭職)O) treasured(珍惜)。這里意思合理的只有distributed，表示“被政府分發(fā)的書籍”。

　　44. L. quit

　　本空是該句謂語，其描述的是過去，需要過去式，備選的有G) named(取名、提名)、L) quit(退出、辭職)、和O) treasured(珍惜)。同時(shí)該空后無賓語，因此必須是不及物動(dòng)詞，符合此要求的只有quit，表示國(guó)家圖書館負(fù)責(zé)人辭職。

　　45. B. collection

　　空前的定冠詞提示本空需要名詞，備選的有B) collection(收集)和D) exhibition(展覽)。這里意思較合理的是collection，它可以表示圖書館的館藏書籍。意思是“白蟻吃掉了大部分館藏書籍”。

　　題目二：

　　本文節(jié)選自Sharon L. Spray, ‎Karen Leah McGlothlin所著Global Climate Change一書。

　　參考原文

　　Global warming is what we are worried about, and it is exactly as it sound — a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice melted away. However, we have already reached temperatures that re in line with other interglacial (minimum ice) periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are contributing to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures ranging between 1° and 6 ℃ (2° and 10 ℉) over the next 100 years. The warming will be more dramatic in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the impact of this warming will be very different depending on where you are — coastal areas must worry about rising sea level, while Siberia and northern Canada my become more habitable and appealingfor humans than these areas are now.

　　The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on average, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that this process has already begun and that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing at the end of the twentieth century are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 1995). Some scientists maintain that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random variation — some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm yearsrecently — but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.

　　答案解析

　　36. I) melted

　　本空是謂語，需要?jiǎng)釉~，且空前并列成分謂語用的是過去式ended，因此需要過去式。備選的有melted(融化)和resolved(決心)，能與空前ice構(gòu)成合理意思、且與空后away構(gòu)成搭配的只有melted，表示“冰川融化”。

　　37. G) line

　　本空空前是介詞，因此需要名詞性成分，且要考慮與空后的with構(gòu)成搭配。符合要求的只有l(wèi)ine(in line with，與……一致)。意思是我們已經(jīng)接近“與其他最小冰川期時(shí)一致的溫度”。

　　38. C) contributing

　　前句用完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)達(dá)到的狀態(tài)，本句we are描述的則是正在發(fā)生的過程，需要?jiǎng)釉~的ing形式，且要考慮與空后的介詞to構(gòu)成搭配。備選的有appealing to(呼吁、上訴)、contributing to(促成、導(dǎo)致)，ranging后不直接與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配。意思合理的只有contributing，為“我們正促成世界范圍內(nèi)氣溫的升高”。

　　39. K) ranging

　　本空引領(lǐng)的是temperature的后置定語，需要?jiǎng)釉~分詞。備選的有appealing(呼吁、上訴)、ranging(范圍在……)和resolved(決心)�？蘸蟮腷etween 1℃ and 6 ℃明顯是范圍區(qū)間，因此ranging合乎語義。range between/from A and B為常用搭配。

　　40. D) dramatic

　　本空作為表語，且空前有more，提示了本空需要形容詞。備選的有appealing(有吸引力的)、dramatic(戲劇性的、突發(fā)的)和sensible(明智的)。這里描述的是氣候變化的效果，因此dramatic意思更合適，意為“某些地方的氣候變化會(huì)更加戲劇化”。后半句提到的有些地方可能cool off(變冷)也是暗示氣候變化的突發(fā)及劇烈。

　　41. F) impact

　　空前的the暗示本空需要名詞。備選的有average(平均)、impact(影響)和shock(震驚)。impact和shock都能用于與warming構(gòu)成搭配，但后面提到的different depending on where you are提示了本空應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)較為寬泛的概念，故impact更合適，意為“氣候變暖的影響因所在地不同而不同”。

　　42. A) appealing

　　空前的and提示了本空與and前的habitable(宜居的)同詞性且義相近。因此本空需要形容詞，備選的有appealing(有吸引力的)和sensible(明智的)。意思上與habitable更能并列、描述本句所說的Siberia and northern Canada的影視appealing，表示“西伯利亞和加拿大北部可能會(huì)變得更宜居、更吸引人”。

　　43. B) average

　　空前介詞on提示了本空需要名詞性成分與之構(gòu)成搭配。備選的有average(平均)和shock(震驚)。這里意思更合理的是average，且on average是固定搭配“平均地”。

　　44. H) maintain

　　本空需要謂語，且前句所用為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，考慮到本句主語為復(fù)數(shù)scientists，因此本空需要?jiǎng)釉~原形。備選的有maintain(維持、堅(jiān)稱)、persist(堅(jiān)持)和shock(震驚)。但persist為不及物動(dòng)詞，而本空后有賓語從句;shock意思不合適是且一般后面接人。因此只能選maintain。意為“有些科學(xué)家堅(jiān)稱……”。

　　45. L) recently

　　本空所在句不缺其它成分，本空需要副詞。備選的又frequently(頻繁地)和recently(最近)。空前提到科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候變化無規(guī)律，有些年冷、有些年熱(some years are cold, others warm)。本空所在的we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years應(yīng)當(dāng)是順著科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)而來，解釋我們現(xiàn)在所處的正好是偏熱的年份期。因此本空用recently強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)下更佳。若選frequently表示“我們頻繁處在偏熱的年份”，則與科學(xué)家所持的氣溫冷熱無規(guī)律交替的觀點(diǎn)不相符合。

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