第三篇：Leadership Literature

　　原文出自《BUSINESS INSIDER》http://www.businessinsider.com/3-signs-youre-a-true-leader-2013-6?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+businessinsider+(Business+Insider)

　　61.B

　　What does the author think the leaders he knows?

　　A. Many of them are used to taking charge.(他們中的很多人習(xí)慣于掌控)

　　B. Few of them are equal to their positions.(他們中很少有人配得上自己的職位)

　　C. Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.(他們中的很多人沒(méi)有完全開(kāi)發(fā)自己的潛力)

　　D. Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.(他們中很少有人熟悉領(lǐng)導(dǎo)手冊(cè))

　　題目問(wèn)作者是如何看待他所認(rèn)識(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的。通過(guò)順序原則和定位詞the leaders he knows可以找到文章第二段的第一句，I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.注意這句話里的way并不是我們所熟知的名詞含義“方法”，而是一個(gè)程度副詞，類似于“相當(dāng)?shù)亍�。這句話的大致意思就是“相比于那些真正高效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，我見(jiàn)到更多的是處在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的位置卻卻總是被自己的無(wú)能給蒙蔽的人”。B選項(xiàng)即為這句話的同義改寫(xiě)。

　　62.A

　　Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?

　　A. They believe they have the natural gift to lead.(他們認(rèn)為自己有天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)

　　B. They believe in what leadership literature says.(他們相信領(lǐng)導(dǎo)手冊(cè)說(shuō)的東西)

　　C. They have proved competent in many situations.(他們?cè)诤芏嗲闆r下都被證明是無(wú)能的)

　　D. They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.(他們?cè)谧鲱I(lǐng)導(dǎo)時(shí)感受到極度的不滿)

　　題目問(wèn)為什么很多人總是熱衷于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位。這道題是因果細(xì)節(jié)題，常規(guī)的解決方法是通過(guò)題干路標(biāo)詞定位，再在定位句附近尋找因果邏輯詞鎖定答案。通過(guò)grab leadership position定位到第四段第二句Whether it’s a decision-making session, a basketball game, a family outing, they can’t help grabbing the lead dog position and cling to it for dear life. 這句話意思不難理解，說(shuō)的就是很多人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)欲很強(qiáng)不管是在什么場(chǎng)合之下。往后一句話直接道破了他們這樣做的原因。They believe they are natural born leaders. A選項(xiàng)同義改寫(xiě)，為正選。

　　63.D

　　What characterizes a great leader according to the author?

　　A. Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.(當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)自己出現(xiàn)時(shí)能做出及時(shí)的反應(yīng))

　　B. Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.(全身心地奉獻(xiàn)給他們神圣的責(zé)任)

　　C. Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.(對(duì)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)有深刻的理解)

　　D. Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.(能在掌控之前仔細(xì)評(píng)估形勢(shì))

　　題目問(wèn)根據(jù)作者，什么最能夠用來(lái)形容一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。通過(guò)great leaders直接定位到文章第五段第四句。A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.這句話很明顯就是作者對(duì)于成功領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的描述，所以答案不言而喻，一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者懂得審時(shí)度勢(shì)，再?zèng)Q定是否應(yīng)該掌控一切。所以D為正選。

　　64.B

　　How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?

　　A. They reassess the situation at hand.(他們會(huì)重新估計(jì)當(dāng)下的形勢(shì))

　　B. They become impatient and rude.(他們變的不耐煩和粗魯)

　　C. They resort to any tool available.(他們會(huì)使用任何可用的工具)

　　D. They blame their team members.(他們會(huì)埋怨自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員)

　　題目問(wèn)當(dāng)命令沒(méi)有落實(shí)到行動(dòng)時(shí)，很多經(jīng)理是如何反應(yīng)的。通過(guò)many business executives 定位到第六段第一句話，Many business executives confuse leadership with action. 這句話并沒(méi)有直接體現(xiàn)答案，所以我們可以適當(dāng)?shù)赝�后讀。第三句話寫(xiě)到Faced with any situation can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience.意思是“當(dāng)遇到?jīng)]法全憑行動(dòng)來(lái)解決的問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們就會(huì)變得極度不耐煩”。這句話基本對(duì)應(yīng)了B選項(xiàng)的impatient，但是還不夠。再往后一句話，Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you are not working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher. “聲音是他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工具之一，如果他們認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有像他們期望的那么努力工作，他們的命令就會(huì)變得越來(lái)越大聲和刺耳”。這一句話對(duì)應(yīng)的是B里的rude。所以B為正選。

　　65.C

　　What is the author’s advice to leaders?

　　A. Concentrate on one specific task at a time.(同時(shí)只專注于一個(gè)特定的任務(wù))

　　B. Use different tools to achieve different goals.(用不同的工具來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的目標(biāo))

　　C. Build up s strong team to achieve their goals.(建立一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo))

　　D. Show determination when faced with tough tasks.(面臨艱巨的任務(wù)時(shí)體現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的決心)

　　題目問(wèn)作者對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的建議是什么。做完前面四道題還有最后兩段話沒(méi)有用于定位，所以完全可以把兩段話都快速讀一遍。本題的答案出自最后一句話。A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals. C選項(xiàng)就是整句話的同義改寫(xiě)，為正選。ABD均為無(wú)中生有。

　　第四篇：Millennials

　　61.D

　　What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?

　　A. They show little interest in entertainment.(他們對(duì)于娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)沒(méi)什么興趣)

　　B. They are not confident about their ability.(他們對(duì)自己的能力不自信)

　　C. They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.(因?yàn)楦呖萍妓麄兡芟硎茌p松的生活)

　　D. They may not have bright prospects for success.(他們可能不會(huì)有成功的希望)

　　題目問(wèn)作者如何看待“千禧一代”的。這篇文章比較特殊，幾乎每個(gè)題里都有Millennials這個(gè)詞，所以很難用它來(lái)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確地定位，我們只能依靠順序原則按照段落一段一段地去找答案。文章第一段話提到一個(gè)人叫作Joel Stein的人，他認(rèn)為Millennials這一代人的還是有潛力的，但第二段的開(kāi)頭作者說(shuō)到I hesitate to share his optimism…說(shuō)他對(duì)于分享這份樂(lè)觀有點(diǎn)猶豫，意味著他覺(jué)得他們這代人并不是optimistic的。D選項(xiàng)就是這句話的同義改寫(xiě)。ABC屬于無(wú)中生有的干擾項(xiàng)。

　　62.B

　　How do Millennials feel about their life?

　　A. They can hardly do anything about it.(他們幾乎不能做任何事)

　　B. There is little in it to get excited about.(很少有能讓他們感覺(jué)興奮的事)

　　C. It is not as good as their parents’.(不如他們父母的生活好)

　　D. It is full of opportunities for success.(充滿了成功的機(jī)會(huì))

　　這道題難度比較大，最關(guān)鍵的還是像第一題說(shuō)的，很難進(jìn)行定位，所以我們依然只能按照順序原則往下看。第二段的最后半句說(shuō)…,yet we are more bored than ever before. 意思是“我們前所未有的無(wú)聊”，與B選項(xiàng)的…little in it to get excited about.完全對(duì)應(yīng)。再來(lái)看其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A，文章第五段首句說(shuō)到But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly? 很多同學(xué)可能會(huì)腦一熱就選了這個(gè)答案，但問(wèn)題是文章說(shuō)的是“他們幾乎不會(huì)…”而選項(xiàng)則是“他們幾乎不能…”,這并不是一個(gè)概念。而且題目問(wèn)的是他們的態(tài)度，A更像是描述一個(gè)現(xiàn)狀，所以A排除。再往后看，C選項(xiàng)出自于第四句話Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. 意思是“這些人想要拯救世界但只是坐著等改變世界的機(jī)會(huì)自己降臨”。但D選項(xiàng)的full of并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)，所以也可以排除。C選項(xiàng)在最后一句有提及，Millennials may the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents…但此處是作者的評(píng)價(jià)而非Millennials自己的態(tài)度。C也排除。因此正選為B

　　63.C

　　In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to Pew Research?

　　A. They spend less time socializing.(他們花很少的時(shí)間社交)

　　B. They are indifferent to others.(他們對(duì)別人漠不關(guān)心)

　　C. They do not value hard work.(他們不重視努力工作)

　　D. They are more independent.(他們更加獨(dú)立)

　　題目問(wèn)根據(jù)Pew Research, Millennials在哪些方面不同于他們的先輩。通過(guò)路標(biāo)詞Pew Research直接定位到第五段的第二句，…the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic as distinctive of itself.意思就是這一輩人并不把努力工作當(dāng)作非常重要的事。鎖定C選項(xiàng)。

　　64.D

　　What should Millennials do according to the author?

　　A. Remain optimistic in face of adversity.(在面臨逆境時(shí)仍然保持樂(lè)觀)

　　B. Start a business as early as possible.(盡早開(kāi)始創(chuàng)業(yè))

　　C. Make full use of new opportunities.(充分利用新的機(jī)會(huì))

　　D. Take action to change their situation.(采取行動(dòng)來(lái)改變他們的現(xiàn)狀)

　　題目問(wèn)根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，Millennials應(yīng)該怎么做。這道題的答案出自第五段第五句，Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching a business, or doing what is takes to succeed, they retreat. 意思是“并沒(méi)有兼兩三份工作，也沒(méi)有開(kāi)始創(chuàng)業(yè)或者做能讓他們成功的事，他們只是撤退�！蓖ㄟ^(guò)instead of 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)我們也應(yīng)該知道作者的態(tài)度是他們就應(yīng)該多找?guī)追莨ぷ鳎�開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作或者做些別的事情。AC選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有們可以排除。B里的start a business文中有提及但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)as early as possible,也排除。所以D為正選。

　　65.B

　　Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?

　　A. They have been spoiled by their parents.(他們被父母寵壞了)

　　B. They can always get whatever they expect.(他們想要什么就能得到什么)

　　C. They are misguided by management books.(他們被管理手冊(cè)誤導(dǎo)了)

　　D. They think they are young and energetic.(他們認(rèn)為自己年輕而且精力充沛)

　　題目問(wèn)什么Millennials那么自負(fù)。這道題相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，按照順序原則定位到全文最后一句，Today’s young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling them they could achieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place. 句中self-esteem意為“自尊”，大致意思就是“父母會(huì)盡量保證自己能激勵(lì)孩子的自尊，告訴他們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)任何他們想做的事情。”B選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義改寫(xiě)。所以正選為B。

　　第五篇：Hospitals

　　本文原文出處：2011年12月15號(hào) 紐約時(shí)報(bào)

　　http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/health/as-doctors-use-more-devices-potential-for-distraction-grows.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=todayspaper

　　56、A. To reduce medical error

　　根據(jù)四個(gè)有規(guī)律的選項(xiàng)信息可判斷這是不定式問(wèn)目的的題目。先找到定位點(diǎn)，再在定位點(diǎn)附近找包含信息的不定式。根據(jù)題干信息，畫(huà)出定位詞“computers, smartphones and other devices”可以迅速定位到文章首段首句——“Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff…”。其中“invested…into the hands of medical staff”就是題干“equip their staff with..”所同義改寫(xiě)的部分。定位句中的插入語(yǔ)部分“hoping to curb medical error”即要找的不定式，對(duì)比原文和選項(xiàng)，“curb”是抑制的意思，選項(xiàng)中的“reduce”是對(duì)它的同義改寫(xiě)，最后選A——to reduce medical error。

　　57、C. The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.

　　例證題。按題干定位詞“distracted doctoring”定位在第三段。而distracted doctoring所描述的是第三段首句的“this phenomenon”，講的是第二段中所例證的phenomenon，所以答案往上一段找。第二段首句舉例說(shuō)明了隨之而來(lái)的“side effect”——“doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient”、“admitted texting during a procedure”，可見(jiàn)作者通過(guò)說(shuō)“distracted doctoring”是想說(shuō)明devices的“side effect”，即C選項(xiàng)。

　　58 、B. Doctors’ interaction with their devices may endanger patients’ lives.

　　根據(jù)題干信息“Dr. Peter Papadakos”定位在文章第四段和第五段，其中都包含了DPP這個(gè)人所說(shuō)的話。第四段說(shuō)到把devices帶到醫(yī)院“to do medical records”，同時(shí)也可以上網(wǎng)、看臉書(shū)，而且這些會(huì)更加的“tempting”;第五段說(shuō)道自己的“fut feeling”即“worry”是“l(fā)ives are in danger”�？偨Y(jié)兩段的表述，devices對(duì)醫(yī)生的吸引以及病人生命危在旦夕，即可選出B選項(xiàng)。

　　59、C . Data is given too much importance in patient care.

　　因果題。根據(jù)題干信息問(wèn)的是“why”——原因，因此要確定找到定位點(diǎn)附近的因果詞，判斷孰因孰果選出答案。根據(jù)題干“increasing pressure”定位在文章第七段最后一行最后一句，根據(jù)金三句原則——定位句本身以及前句和后句，找到第八段首句“The pressure stems from”——“這種壓力源自…”即答案在這個(gè)后面。根據(jù)這里所說(shuō)的patient care must be data driven可選出答案為C。

　　60、B. They focus their attention on the patient's condition.

　　根據(jù)題干信息Peter Carmel以及順序原則定位到最后一段，而對(duì)“doctors”的“advice”應(yīng)該在末段末句的后半部分“but he added that doctors’ first priority should be with the patient”，即對(duì)醫(yī)生的建議擺在首位的一定是“patient”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中跟patient相關(guān)的只有選項(xiàng)B，其他均未提及。

　　第六篇：Woman and Man

　　本文原文出處：2013年2月21日 華盛頓郵報(bào)

　　http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/why-our-brightest-female-graduates-are-still-at-a-disadvantage/2013/02/21/68cb192a-7c5a-11e2-82e8-61a46c2cde3d_story_1.html

　　56、C. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home

　　文章第一段大致說(shuō)明了“women earn less than men”的現(xiàn)象，而由題干中的“traditionally”定位到文章第二段�！癆ll the traditional reasons…women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids…”，由此可選出C選項(xiàng)，核心原因是kids。

　　57、B. It does not consider the economic impact on graduates.

　　由題干信息America’s higher education system定位在第三段落最后一句“…h(huán)igher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ year on campus”。選項(xiàng)中跟economic consequences相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)只有B選項(xiàng)，“economic impact”是對(duì)原文“economic consequences”的同義改寫(xiě)。

　　58 、A. It is different for male and female students.

　　由題干的“today”定位到第四段的“now”。第四段中“… one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not.”，繼而舉例論證campus中男女學(xué)生的不同待遇， “They enroll in different kinds of classes…”,因此答案選A。

　　59、D. They don't perform as well as they did in high school.

　　文中第四段有：studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years.重點(diǎn)在于動(dòng)詞詞組，trail off 有漸漸減弱的意思，在這里明顯是指女生到了大學(xué)后表現(xiàn)開(kāi)始不如高中，C選項(xiàng)don't perform as well as they did in high school即是表示的這個(gè)意思。即使不知道trail off 的意思也可以通過(guò)句首連詞while，來(lái)判斷出下一句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。從而知道是在大學(xué)表現(xiàn)變差。

　　60、A. Woman are too worn out to be ambitious.

　　題干問(wèn)作者對(duì)于男人女人間“pay gap”的解釋，根據(jù)順序原則定位到文章末段，最后一句“No wonder they are not negotiation for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school”的原因是“They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing”，由此對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，“Women are too worn out to be ambitious”是更為貼近原文主旨的選線，因此選A。

　　相關(guān)推薦：

　　2014年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)真題及答案解析※ 真題及答案交流

　　2014年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)成績(jī)查詢時(shí)間　※　成績(jī)查詢免費(fèi)提醒

　　2014年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　※　最新算分器　※　分?jǐn)?shù)線