2010年考研英語：7選5的命題分析與解題方法指導(dǎo)

　　高分策略之7選5的具體解題方法1：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

　　6. 7選5 的具體解題方法

　　7選5考查的是語篇的連貫性和一致性，因此就要使用到各種達(dá)到連貫?zāi)康牡母鞣N銜接手段，即：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。通過對(duì)這些銜接手段的分類，7選5 的解題方法主要有以下幾種：

　　1)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

　　復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

　　例1(2005年真題)

　　Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.

　　They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest�瞘rowing components of which are pharmaceutical costs.

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　　What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts-recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

　　[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent!

　　[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report:"The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription�瞕rug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies."

　　[C] What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

　　[D] The problem is simple and stark health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.

　　[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

　　[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

　　[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

　　【解析】[E]空白前的一段說：They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest�瞘rowing components of which are pharmaceutical costs(省長們都在抱怨醫(yī)療成本飛漲，其中漲得最快的就是藥品的費(fèi)用)。在這句話中，談?wù)摰年P(guān)鍵是pharmaceutical cost(醫(yī)藥成本)，同時(shí)我們注意到文章的第一段談?wù)摰闹黝}也是關(guān)于health costs(醫(yī)療成本)的問題，因此可以判斷文章下一段談?wù)摰脑掝}一定圍繞"藥品成本"展開，也就是"藥品成本"這個(gè)概念會(huì)在下面的一段文字中復(fù)現(xiàn)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)[E]中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于"藥品成本"(drug costs)的論述，同時(shí)從內(nèi)容上來看，試題前面的句子說"藥品的成本飛漲"，選項(xiàng)[E]對(duì)前面的句子作了補(bǔ)充說明，解釋了藥品上漲的原因(Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices)。

　　例2(2005年真題)

　　What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts-recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

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　　But "national" doesn't have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.

　　[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent!

　　[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: "The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription�瞕rug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies."

　　[C] What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

　　[D] The problem is simple and stark health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.

　　[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

　　[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

　　[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

　　【解析】[C]試題前的一段提到了要成立全國性的機(jī)構(gòu)(create a national institution)，并講到了它的特點(diǎn)�？瞻缀蟮囊欢我訠ut 開頭，解釋national 的含義："National" could mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body("全國性"也可以說是省際間的，也就是說，各省可以共同努力成立一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu))， 試題的前后都出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于national的信息，由此可以判斷，要填入的句子中一定會(huì)復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)于national的內(nèi)容，比較選項(xiàng)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)[A]和選項(xiàng)[C]中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于national的復(fù)現(xiàn)信息，但選項(xiàng)[A]講的是Quebec's resistance to a national agency(Quebec對(duì)國家醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的抵制)，作者對(duì)national的定義還沒有交代清楚之前，不可能出現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)[A]中的信息，因此選項(xiàng)[C]是正確答案。

　　例3(2006年真題)

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problems. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter. Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

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　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: "Enjoy the fun … and always bet with your head, not over it". Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to "engage in conduct against his will." Well.

　　[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.

　　[E] David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don't bet on it.

　　[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　【解析】[A] 空格前面一句the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well�瞓eing的主語是letter，letter后面的賓語從句講的是letter的內(nèi)容：David Williams在進(jìn)入賭場之前要提交能證明不會(huì)對(duì)他的人身安全和財(cái)務(wù)造成威脅的信息。緊接著這句話的句子所表達(dá)的信息應(yīng)當(dāng)還要提及關(guān)于信件(letter)及其內(nèi)容的信息，因此要填入的選項(xiàng)要表達(dá)這一方面的內(nèi)容，才能在語義上和上文連貫。比較選項(xiàng)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)[A]中出現(xiàn)了letter的同義詞mail，同時(shí)從內(nèi)容上分析，選項(xiàng)[A]中的Although no such evidence was presented和上文中的he would have to present medical/psychological…語義上銜接緊密，語義連貫。因此選項(xiàng)[A]是正確答案。