歷年考研英語試題命題特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律(閱讀理解A部分)

　　三、各類題型的特點(diǎn)及解答技巧

　　(一)主旨題

　　該類題型在歷年題型中出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，每年必出。它考查了考生綜合、概括、歸納和分析問題的能力，要求考生通過對文章的閱讀，迅速把握文章或段落的主題中心。主旨題可分為文章主旨和段落主旨兩種。命題模式如下：

　　1�蔽恼轮髦碱}

　　(1)The passage is mainly about .

　　(2)What is the main point the author makes in the passage?

　　(3)Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage?

　　(4)What is the main topic for this passage?

　　(5)The proper subject of this article is .

　　(6)The best title for this passage might be .

　　(7)What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as .

　　(8)The passage was written to explain .

　　2�倍温渲髦碱}

　　(1)From the first (2nd, 3rd, 4th，etc) paragraph, we learn that .

　　(2)From the last (1st, 2nd，etc) paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that .

　　(3)We learn from the first (last，etc)paragraph that .

　　3�彪[蔽的文章主旨題

　　(1)From the passage we learn (infer) that .

　　(2)What can be inferred from the passage?

　　(3)What the author tries to suggest may be interpreted as .

　　Example

　　Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

　　Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2��3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2��5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.

　　It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3��5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2��6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

　　Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5��6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

　　Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.(1997年 Passage 5)

　　From the passage we learn that .

　　[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates

　　[B] economy will always follow certain models

　　[C] the economic situation is better than expected

　　[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation

　　題干問的是從整個(gè)文章可以推斷出下面哪個(gè)說法，實(shí)際上是在變相地問全文的中心思想是什么。全文都在論述目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢比預(yù)想的要好很多([C]選項(xiàng))。第一段和第二段提到經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行難以預(yù)測，然而近來經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢卻比往年都好。第三段首句又提到“它(指平均通貨膨脹率)比多數(shù)預(yù)測者預(yù)測的數(shù)字要低”，接著通過具體數(shù)據(jù)對此觀點(diǎn)加以說明。第四段首句也指出“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對英美兩國有利的通脹率特別感到詫異”。