2010年考研英語最后總攻之英語閱讀沖刺秘笈

　　二、關于出題規(guī)則和解題技巧的最后沖刺

　　最能反映出題者思路的復習材料只有真題。無論是出題難度還是出題思路，歷年真題的質量都非常高。許多考生在沒有把真題徹底吃透的情況下花了大量的時間和精力去做許多模擬試卷。這種復習方法不僅耗時耗力、事倍功半，而且甚至會因為模擬題的仿真程度不好，導致自己的做題思路發(fā)生偏差。因此，如果你時間緊急，那么你一定要認真研究真題，爭取在最后關頭將近十年的真題反復做三遍以上，在時間剩余的情況下，適當采用一部分模擬題，但是量不要大，而且一定要將做模擬題中心放到研讀文章上來，而不要放到找解題技巧，更不要用模擬題的成績好壞去衡量你的當前閱讀能力。

　　反復做真題的目的其實很簡單，就是熟悉，但是何為熟悉?很多同學在做真題的時候唯一的目的就是求解，對為什么這么解和如何去解完全不顧及，所以這樣的學員閱讀復習速度相當快，而且自我感覺良好，其實不知道這樣復習幾乎沒有意義。我認為反復做真題到達熟悉的地步，要從三個標準進行衡量。第一標準：基于文章層面的鞏固，包含文章的所有單詞、短語、長難句、語法、文化、篇章結構、文章體裁、文章題材、段與段之間的聯(lián)系、段內(nèi)句與句之間的關聯(lián)，必須做到準確無誤，完全熟知;第二標準：基于題干層面，包含做題流程、題干分析、題干詞匯特征、題型歸類、如何進行定位、如何在原文尋求重要信息、如何返回選項、選項正誤精準分析、題目本身理論性反思等;第三標準：同類題型解題技巧鞏固、適應范圍、技巧一旦不能應用的例外題處理、歷年來同類題目的考查次數(shù)等。大家知道，成敗不僅與實力相關，也與技巧密不可分。英語知識的學習沒什么技巧，但考試卻有，考研也不例外。以什么樣的思路去應付考題，這個是做題的關鍵。從閱讀材料后面的題目來看，問題可以分為以下幾大類：主旨題、推理題、細節(jié)題、例證題、態(tài)度題、原因題、舉例題和猜詞題。每個大題型又可以繼續(xù)細分�？忌鷳�該對這些題型的正解特征加以歸納總結。

　　例如：考研英語中多次涉及的主要原因題，其題目形式是：

　　The passage (author)………….mainly because____?

　　Which of the following is chiefly responsible for…….?

　　is largely due to________?

　　What is the main reason for ________?

　　由上述真題題目我們可以看出，題目特征相當明顯，都出現(xiàn)了表示“主要的”標識詞。那么題目特征會引發(fā)我們怎樣的思考呢?既然是主要原因，就表明在原文中原因的闡述是不唯一的，至少有兩個以上的原因才具備出主要原因題的前提。在四個選項中，可能同時會有若干個選項都是正確的原因，但正確答案是最主要的原因。那么，什么樣的原因才是主要原因呢?我們可以從原文對應句中找到規(guī)律：主要原因題正確選項在原文中的對應句往往含有如下標識詞：比較級、最高級、轉折詞、above all等。我們一起看一下以往的例題：

　　例1. 原文：Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term。

　　題目：The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________。

　　(1996年passage2第4題)

　　A. the emergence of commercial TV channel

　　B. the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

　　C. the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

　　D. the challenge of new satellite channels

　　例2. 原文：Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological。

　　題目：According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______. (1996年passage4第1題)

　　A. elementary schools B. enthusiastic workers

　　C. the attractive premium system D. a special way of thinking

　　例3：原文：But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle。

　　題目：According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? (2000年passage4第2題)

　　A. Women’s participation in social activities is limited。

　　B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

　　C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

　　D. The lifestyle has been influenced by western values

　　例4：原文：Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billons to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on。

　　題目：According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _______. (2003年passage3第5題)

　　A. The continuing acquisition。

　　B. The growing traffic。

　　C. The cheering Wall Street。

　　D. The shrinking market。

　　例5. 原文：The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative creatures, and they share food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males。

　　題目：Female capuchin moneys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _____。(2005年passage1第3題

　　A. more inclined to weigh what they get

　　B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

　　C. nice in both appearance and temperament

　　D. more generous than their male companions

　　上述例題均很好地印證了這類題的做題規(guī)律，而且十年中這一規(guī)律都沒有發(fā)生任何變化。考生在閱讀復習過程中要注意題目的橫向聯(lián)系，不僅要按篇章來閱讀，還要把歷年的同一類型考題放到一起進行總結，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)做題技巧和規(guī)律，這樣才能更好地保證復習的效率。