重要提示：表現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度的句子的特征

 

1. 直接陳述式(主語(yǔ)是事、物)。

2．使用評(píng)述性的副詞在其他人的話(huà)里面。

3．他人的論述后面有連詞引出另外一種說(shuō)法，見(jiàn)第一條。

4．其他人的說(shuō)法后面的括號(hào)里的內(nèi)容。

 

態(tài)度題常見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)

 

arbitrary, concerned, critical, sarcastic, ironical, indifferent, sympathetic, enthusiastic, cautious, neutral, objective, subjective, optimistic, pessimistic, positive, negative, etc.

 

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that        .

A) we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthened

B) we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of security

C) influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net security

D) net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet

 

把握兩個(gè)詞：?jiǎn)栴}里的suggest, 原文里的expect的理解，必須結(jié)合主題.

提示：建議題(advise, advice; suggest, suggestion 等)，答案要從文章最后一句往前推，同時(shí)必須結(jié)合最后一段首句主旨句。

 

Passage II.

 

Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毀滅性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything　possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior,　links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears , both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.

Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given　rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological response, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more　functions that enhance survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance form others (as a　crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries　would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be　something special about tears themselves.

……省去三段。

31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.

A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American

B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy

C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people

D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed

32. What does“both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?

理解response詞義是關(guān)鍵

A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.

B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.

C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.

D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

33.“Counterproductive”(Para,1) very probably means“________”.

A) having no effect at all

B) leading to tension

C) producing disastrous impact

D) harmful to health

注意！選項(xiàng)中程度極端的，通常是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)(31B, 33C)。

34. What does the author say about crying?

A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.

B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.

C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.

D) It usually produces the desired effect.

多次快速定位。

 

Passage III.

 

As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.

Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture, a 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 million pounds of manure(糞)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets. It made cars smell of roses.

 

……省去三段。

 

26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that　________. (定位后深入挖掘，難點(diǎn)為長(zhǎng)句分析) 抓主干; 順藤摸瓜; 理清亂麻。

A) poor people can’t afford it

B) it is too expensive to maintain

C) too many people are using it

D) it causes too many road accidents

27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________. 段落歸納

A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse 無(wú)中生有，雖然符合邏輯常識(shí)

B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor    比喻的字面意思通常是干擾項(xiàng)

C) it caused less pollution than horses

D) it brightened up the gloomy streets    借用原文原詞考驗(yàn)細(xì)心程度

 

Passage IV

 

Identity theft has been a hot subject in the news recently and is considered one of the top crimes in the United States. The Federal Trade Commission estimates that ten million Americans become victims of identity theft each year.

Identity thieves steal personal information, collecting Social Security numbers, banking records and telephone numbers, which they use to request loans or get credit cards in the name of the victims.Identity thieves spend a lot on goods or services without actually paying for them. F.T.C. officials estimate more than 52,000 million dollars in goods and services were purchased last year through identity theft.

Victims of identity theft can spend years attempting to reestablish their financial history and reputation. Some have been denied jobs or arrested for crimes in which they were not involved.

Identity thieves employ several methods to get what they need. They may trick people into giving personal information over the telephone or steal documents containing such information.

Activist groups have called for new laws to protect the public from such thefts. Recently, a committee of the United States Senate said it would hold hearings on this issue, working towards a feasible (可行的) solution.

Two cases of identity theft helped the committee to call the hearings. Last month, Bank of America said it lost some computer tapes containing personal information for more than one million federal employees, including some Senators and members of the Defense Department. Bank of America says it deeply regrets the incident.

Earlier, the Los Angeles Times newspaper reported that thieves stole about 150,000 personal records from ChoicePoint Incorporated. The company sells Social Security numbers and credit information to other businesses. In 2002, a similar security violation reportedly affected about seven thousand people.

American lawmakers will devise workable measures to increase supervision of companies that collect personal information. Several plans have been proposed to help individuals whose information was stolen. Another proposal would let Americans bring to an end to any investigation into their financial history without their permission.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. identity theft and society

B. the influence of identity theft on US people

C. the situation of identity theft in the US

D. personal security problems in the US

2. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Identity thieves usually steal personal information from banks.

B. Victims of identity theft may be arrested for losing their financial records

C. American lawmakers proposed to bring an end to any investigation into their financial history.

D. Some American companies sell customers’ personal information to other companies.

3. What does author mean by the word “devise” (line 1, the last paragraph)?

A. conceive of     B. criticize    C. believe in   D. result in

4. ChoicePoint is mentioned in the passage to______

A. show how serious the theft problems are in US.

B. persuade people not to tell their information to companies.

C. explain why a senate committee made up its mind to call the hearing.

D. criticize US government for its ignorance of this serious issue.

5. What’s the author’s attitude towards the issue of identity theft in this passage?

A. arbitrary    B. concerned    C. ironical   D. indifferent

 

Passage V.

 

When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝嗇的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska's educators and the state's largest teachers' union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school funding.

It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.

But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year's state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller-perhaps more acceptable-tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including 4600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state side. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $ 275,000 more.

Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And to union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.

Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership (破產(chǎn)管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House Plans to consider the bill this week.

31.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded      .

A)mainly by the state government         B)exclusively by the local government

C)by the National Education Association   D)by both the local and state governments

32. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was       .

A)to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues

B)to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff

C)to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools

D)to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public

33.The author seems to disapprove of        .

A)the shutting of schools in Kalkaska        B)the involvement of the mass media

C)the Michigan lawmakers' endless debating 

D)delaying the passage of the school funding legislation

34.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about       .

A)making a political issue of the closing of the schools 

B)the attitude of the MEA's parent organization

C)a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan         

D)reopening the schools there immediately

35.According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of        .

A)the strong protest on the part of the students' parents

B)the political motives on the part of the educators

C)the weak response of the state officials          

D)the complexity of the problem

 

Passage VI.

 

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.

But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering (閃爍) at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude (獨(dú)處的狀態(tài))goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.

Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic (心理的), and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.

31. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is       .

A) rather bleak                                    B) fairly bright      

C) very impressive                              D) quite encouraging

32. The author's biggest concern is        .

A) elementary school children's disinterest in reading classics

B) the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.

C) the musical setting American readers require for reading

D) the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class

33. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is        .

A) their fondness of music and TV programs      

B) their ignorance of various forms of art and literature

C) their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding  

D) their inability to focus on conflicting input

34. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is    ___-.

A) to be able to appreciate it and memorize it   

B) to analyze its essential features

C) to think it over conscientiously        

D) to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value

35. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels        .

A) upset   B) uncertain   C) alarmed   D) pessimistic

 

 

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