歷年考研英語試題命題特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律(閱讀理解A部分)

　　四、其他的�？键c(diǎn)

　　(一)引語�？�

　　文章中出現(xiàn)的引語基本上都是考點(diǎn)，只是采用不同的題型而已，如推理引申題、句意理解題、作者意圖題等等。特別注意首段引語的三種作用：第一，作為支持作者觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù);第二，作為作者批判的靶子;第三，給出文章大背景。

　　Example 1

　　Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”

　　Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.(1996年 Passage 1)

　　What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get?”

　　[A] You’ll certainly get what you want.

　　[B] It’s no use dreaming.

　　[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have.

　　[D] It’s essential to set a goal for yourself.

　　此題以引言作為文章首句，作為作者批判的靶子，進(jìn)而引出真正的觀點(diǎn)，即做事前應(yīng)該制定計(jì)劃。命題目的在于檢查考生能否準(zhǔn)確把握what you want和what you get具體化后的含義。原句it’s not...but...結(jié)構(gòu)否定的是“你所想”，肯定的是“你所得”。即，得到什么比想要什么重要。[B]選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　Example 2

　　No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. (1997年 Passage 4)

　　Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for .

　　[A] its raising of the corporate stock price

　　[B] its self-examination of soul

　　[C] its neglect of social responsibility

　　[D] its emphasis on creative freedom

　　此處引言的作用就是給出文章探討的大背景。要求考生通過該引言推出責(zé)備Time Warner的原因。答案為[C]選項(xiàng)。

　　(二)例子�？�

　　例子經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在命題中，而且題型多為作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。此類題型主要針對文章中所舉之例的作用進(jìn)行發(fā)問�？忌鷳�(yīng)該注意例子的出現(xiàn)無非有兩種情況：一是先提觀點(diǎn)后舉例;二是先舉例后提出觀點(diǎn)。而該觀點(diǎn)就是作者引用例子所要說明或反駁的。因此見到例子后，考生應(yīng)該迅速查找其上下文，目的必在其中。通過歷年真題分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)先提觀點(diǎn)后舉例的情況占多數(shù)。

　　Example 1

　　You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.

　　Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.(1996年 Passage 1)

　　A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as .

　　[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job

　　[B] an indication of how to secure a good job

　　[C] a guideline for job description

　　[D] a principle for job evaluation

　　舉例是為了說明或駁斥某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，在這篇文章中，例子直接擺在觀點(diǎn)句后，是典型的先提觀點(diǎn)后舉例的形式。作者先表述其觀點(diǎn)：You can make a mental blueprint of a desire... and each of us is continually making these blueprints in general routine of everyday living。接下來作者以請人吃飯的例子來說明a mental blueprint of a desire,并把它與“找工作”的方式聯(lián)系起來，指出兩者的相同之處都是要“勾畫一幅欲望藍(lán)圖”。因此，[A]選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　Example 2

　　To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. (2001年 Passage 2)

　　The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .

　　[A] providing financial support overseas

　　[B] preventing foreign capital’s control

　　[C] building industrial infrastructure

　　[D] accepting foreign investment

　　此題是典型的先舉例后提出觀點(diǎn)的形式。以美國為例之后，作者提出“哪個(gè)國家利用外資多，哪個(gè)國家就將變得更富�！钡慕Y(jié)論。由結(jié)論可以直接得出答案。正確答案為[D]選項(xiàng)。