2001年Passage 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deepsintosa long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)sintoswhich they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
[A] quite trustworthy
[B] somewhat contradictory
[C] very illuminating
[D] rather superficial
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第二段"But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)sintoswhich they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news"（遺憾的是，這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語法錯(cuò)誤，和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人困惑的問題，譬如讀者到底想讀到些什么），low-level正好對(duì)應(yīng)于D選項(xiàng)的superficial，較為容易判斷正確答案。
[題目譯文]
新聞可信度調(diào)查的結(jié)果是 。
[A] 非�？煽�
[B] 有些矛盾
[C] 非常有啟發(fā)性
[D] 相當(dāng)膚淺
61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .
[A] working attitude
[B] conventional lifestyle
[C] world outlook
[D] educational background
[答案] C
[解題思路]
本題對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第五段，作者認(rèn)為記者們很大程度上是社會(huì)精英的一部分，反映了精英們的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀。因而"The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers"（讀者對(duì)新聞媒體那種震驚的不信任感的根源并非是報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞），因此記者的主要問題在于他們的世界觀與普通讀者不同，world view對(duì)應(yīng)于C選項(xiàng)的world outlook，答案顯而易見。
[題目譯文]
作者指出記者們的最根本問題在于他們的 。
[A] 工作態(tài)度
[B] 傳統(tǒng)的生活方式
[C] 世界觀
[D] 教育背景
62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .
[A] failure to realize its real problem
[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章的最后一段，該段說盡管新聞界花了很大努力去探討原因，但是正如第四句指出的"But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about"（但新聞界似乎從來就沒回過頭來去注意以前那么多顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見），即他們還沒有意識(shí)到問題的本質(zhì)，因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
報(bào)業(yè)盡管付出了努力，但仍然無法滿足讀者的原因在于它 。
[A] 沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到自己真正的問題
[B] 傾向于雇傭令人討厭的記者
[C] 更容易寫出不確切的報(bào)道
[D] 在種族和性別問題上的偏見
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