考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀100篇【社會(huì)文化類(lèi)】

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀100篇unit30
Unit 30
At the end of last week, Bodega Aurrerá, a Mexican subsidiary of the world's biggest retailer, Wal-Mart, opened a new store in the village of San Juan Teotihuacán, just north of Mexico City. Normally, such an event would cause little stir. Wal-Mart is already Mexico's biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down very well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers. But this particular opening was, in fact, the culmination of months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.

The reason is the location. Just 2.5km (1.6 miles) away is the ancient city of Teotihuacán, probably Mexico's most famous archaeological site. Amongst other attractions, it boasts the third-largest (by volume) pyramid in the world. For many Mexicans, the ancient site, abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived, remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood. Thousands troop up to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun to celebrate the summer solstice.
 
To them, the idea of having a Wal-Mart next door is abhorrent. In the words of Homero Aridjis, a writer and one of the leading opponents, "it is like driving the stake of globalisation into the heart of old Mexico." The controversy is only the latest in a string of protesters' attempts to save Mexican culture from what they see as a creeping menace. They won a famous victory by blocking a McDonalds restaurant from opening in the main square of the pretty southern colonial town of Oaxaca.

But this time they were on much thinner ground. For a start, Wal-Mart went through all the appropriate regulatory hoops, even getting permission from the Paris-based International Council on Monuments and Sites, which judged that the store would cause no harm to the nearby ruins. A small stone platform was indeed found during construction of the new car park, but was preserved.

Just as importantly, the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun is clearly bogus, as anyone who cares to get to the top can testify. The problem is not so much that you can see the Wal-Mart, but one of trying to distinguish it from the 30-odd other ugly, squat buildings that litter the surrounding countryside--to say nothing of the car parks, the electricity pylons and the large power station. Sadly, unrestricted building long ago ruined this particular view, as well as many others in Mexico.

To the diehards, the issue counts more than the view. But neither mattered much to the hundreds of locals who queued up for the opening, delighted to be freed of the small and expensive local shops. Despite a legal case pending against Wal-Mart and local officials, brought by an irate local left-wing politician, this is one battle that the American retailer has probably won.

注（1）：本文選自Economist; 11/13/2004, p42；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題Text 4（其中因2001年真題Text 4只有四個(gè)題目，所以本文第4題模仿參照對(duì)象為2003年Text 1的第四題）；

1.       Why the opening of Wal-Mart caused stir?

[A]Wal-Mart would have severe competition with the local stores.
[B]War-Mart would provide them with a larger choice and more benefits.
[C]It was said to have ruined the scene of the ancient site.
[D]There shouldn’t be a store near the ancient site.

2.       From Paragraph 2 we can infer that _________.

[A]the ancient city means a lot to the Mexicans
[B]a store will be too noisy for the ancient city
[C]the ancient city is very mysterious
[D]the pyramid is a good place for holding big ceremony

3.       According to Wal-Mart, it has a good reason to build store there because _______.

[A]it proves no harm to the nearby ruins
[B]the scene of the ancient sites has been damaged
[C]customers want to buy some cheap products
[D]it has been widely accepted by the customers there.

4.       It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that _________.

[A]the famous view is not as good as it used to be
[B]the city lacks planning in building
[C]the ancient site is littered with ugly buildings
[D]Wal-Mart shouldn’t be fully responsible for the ruined view.

5.       Toward the fate of Wal-Mart, the writer’s attitude can be said to be _________.

[A]objective
[B]optimistic
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased

答案：CADDB

篇章剖析
本文采用提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題的模式，指出世界上最大的零售商沃爾瑪在墨西哥開(kāi)設(shè)分店時(shí)所遇到的麻煩、問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因以及最終的結(jié)果。第一段指出沃爾瑪設(shè)在墨西哥的子公司Bodega Aurrerá在墨西哥城北部的圣胡安特奧帝瓦坎村開(kāi)了一家新店所引起的強(qiáng)烈反響；第二段指出事件產(chǎn)生的原因；第三段指出反對(duì)者的看法及舉動(dòng)；第四段指出沃爾瑪充分的前期工作；第五段指出這座古城的實(shí)際情況；第六段指出這個(gè)事件最有可能的結(jié)果是什么。

詞匯注釋
subsidiary[]n.子公司
retailer[]n.零售商人, 傳播的人
go down with  vt.為...所接受,為...相信
culmination[]n.頂點(diǎn);結(jié)果
hyperbole[]n.[修辭]夸張法
summer solstice夏至
creeping[]adj.爬行的；在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)逐步發(fā)展的：
bogus[]adj.<美>假的, 偽造的
diehard[]n.頑固分子
irate[]adj發(fā)怒的；生氣的

難句突破
1.But this particular opening was, in fact, the culmination of months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.
主體句式：the … opening was … the culmination …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。“months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole”跟在介詞“of”后面來(lái)修飾“culmination”；“by”意思是“由…”；“determined”之前省去了“who are”。
句子譯文：這次開(kāi)張實(shí)際上是那些決心阻止它成立的人數(shù)月以來(lái)進(jìn)行反對(duì)、合法行動(dòng)、絕食抗議和其它一些偏激行為無(wú)效而落得的最終結(jié)果
2.For many Mexicans, the ancient site, abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived, remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood.
主體句式：the ancient site …remains …the symbol
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句�！癮bandoned”之前省去了“which was”。
句子譯文：數(shù)百年前在西班牙征服者到來(lái)之前被這里的神秘居民所拋棄的這座古城，對(duì)很多墨西哥人來(lái)說(shuō)依然是墨西哥民族和國(guó)家身份的根本象征。

題目分析
1.答案為C, 屬推理判斷題。從句子“Normally, such an event would cause little stir.”，我們可以看出沃兒瑪開(kāi)業(yè)這樣的事情一般不會(huì)引起什么反響的。但是作者筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，“But this particular opening was, in fact, the culmination of months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.”那么為什么反對(duì)在沃兒瑪開(kāi)業(yè)，原因在于“The reason is the location.”和“the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun”。
2.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“For many Mexicans, the ancient site, abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived, remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood.”
3.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Wal-Mart is already Mexico's biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down very well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers.”
4.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Just as importantly, the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun is clearly bogus, as anyone who cares to get to the top can testify.”
5.答案為B，屬情感態(tài)度題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Despite a legal case pending against Wal-Mart and local officials, brought by an irate local left-wing politician, this is one battle that the American retailer has probably won.”

參考譯文
上周末，世界上最大的零售商沃爾瑪設(shè)在墨西哥的子公司Bodega Aurrerá在墨西哥城北部的圣胡安特奧帝瓦坎(San Juan Teotihuacán)村開(kāi)了一家新店。通常情況下，這樣的事情是不會(huì)引起什么反響的。沃爾瑪已經(jīng)是墨西哥最大的零售商了。設(shè)在這里的商店倍受那些想買(mǎi)廉價(jià)貨的上百萬(wàn)顧客的歡迎。這次開(kāi)張實(shí)際上是那些決心阻止它成立的人數(shù)月以來(lái)進(jìn)行反對(duì)、合法行動(dòng)、絕食抗議和其它一些偏激行為無(wú)效而落得的最終結(jié)果。

事件的原因在于地段的選擇問(wèn)題。商店地址選在了離特奧蒂瓦坎（Teotihuacán）古城僅2.5公里（1.6英里）的地方。特奧蒂瓦坎古城可能是墨西哥最為出名的古文化遺址，除了別的景觀之外，它還擁有世界上第三大金字塔（體積上）。數(shù)百年前在西班牙征服者到來(lái)之前被這里的神秘居民所拋棄的這座古城，對(duì)很多墨西哥人來(lái)說(shuō)依然是墨西哥民族和國(guó)家身份的根本象征。每逢夏至都有上千人一起登上太陽(yáng)金字塔的頂部以示慶祝。

對(duì)于這些人來(lái)說(shuō)，在古城附近建沃爾瑪超市這樣的主意簡(jiǎn)直太可惡了。奧梅羅•阿里迪斯是一位作家，也是其中的一位主要反對(duì)者，用他的話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)：“這好比是把全球化的樹(shù)樁子插到了古老的墨西哥的心臟上�！边@是最近的一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)端，是反對(duì)者為了使墨西哥文化免受在他們看來(lái)是一種潛在的危險(xiǎn)而做出的多方努力。他們?cè)�贏過(guò)一場(chǎng)令人滿(mǎn)意的勝利，成功阻止了麥當(dāng)勞餐廳在美麗的南部殖民城鎮(zhèn)瓦哈卡（Oaxaca）的主要廣場(chǎng)上開(kāi)店。

但是這次他們的底氣就沒(méi)那么足了。因?yàn)閺囊婚_(kāi)始，沃爾瑪就通過(guò)了所有相關(guān)的規(guī)章制度的審核，甚至還得到了駐巴黎的國(guó)際古跡遺址理事會(huì)的認(rèn)可，他們判定在那里設(shè)店對(duì)周邊遺跡是不會(huì)造成任何損害的。在新停車(chē)場(chǎng)施工過(guò)程中確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小的石頭平臺(tái)，這已被保存起來(lái)了。

同樣重要的是，聲稱(chēng)新店破壞了太陽(yáng)金字塔從塔頂往下望的良好的視覺(jué)效果，這顯然是不對(duì)的，任何人只要登上塔頂就可以證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。問(wèn)題并不在于你是否能看到沃爾瑪，而是你得從三十多個(gè)凌亂地散布在郊區(qū)的丑陋、低矮的建筑中努力去辨認(rèn)沃爾瑪——更不用提那里的停車(chē)場(chǎng)、電纜塔和大型發(fā)電站了。令人遺憾的是，那些隨意建成的建筑很早以前不但毀壞了墨西哥其它的景觀，也毀了這處風(fēng)景。

對(duì)于頑固分子來(lái)說(shuō)，事件本身要比風(fēng)景問(wèn)題重要。但是對(duì)于許許多多排隊(duì)等候它開(kāi)業(yè)，因?yàn)樵俨挥檬苡中∮仲F的當(dāng)?shù)厣痰甑南拗贫�開(kāi)心不已的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚?lái)說(shuō)，這些都不重要了。雖然當(dāng)?shù)匾幻麘嵟�的左翼政客�?duì)沃爾瑪和當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T提起的訴訟案件還懸而未決，但是在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗中，美國(guó)零售商差不多已勝券在握了。

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