考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇【教育類】

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考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇unit74
Unit 74
On this one point George W. Bush and Al Gore would agree: our schools need more Marilyn Whirrys. For 35 years, Whirry has inspired high school students to think deeply about great literature and to use its devices in their writing. She is the kind of teacher that students come back to visit decades later in her classroom in Manhattan Beach, Calif. Last May a national educators' group named her its Teacher of the Year. And with the nation's public schools planning to hire 2.5 million new teachers over the next decade, Whirry is excited that each presidential candidate is pushing ways to recruit, train and reward better teachers. "They're both talking about teacher quality," she says. "We have a real opportunity right now."

Bush's plan combines most existing federal funds for professional development and class-size reduction into a flexible new fund for teacher training and recruitment, and he adds $400 million a year in new money. Bush would allow states to spend the funds as they see fit--so long as they establish teacher-accountability systems. This is similar to what Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s. But then, says Emily Feistritzer, president of the Center for Education Information, "the money disappeared." Under Bush's plan, she says, "I worry that the money won't go where it's intended to once it reaches the states."

Bush would expand funding from $2.4 million to $30 million for the Troops to Teachers program, which places veterans who want to teach in public schools. The program makes use of people like Arthur Moore, who retired in 1994 after 21 years in the Army and knew he wanted to teach. "There are a lot of people who would make excellent teachers but are discouraged by the bureaucracy of the certification process," says Moore, 45, who began teaching fourth grade in Baltimore and now tests students for special education. "Troops to Teachers is an excellent way to tap their potential by lowering the barriers." Bush would also expand loan forgiveness for math and science majors who teach in needy schools.

Gore's plan, endorsed by the teachers' unions, would spend $8 billion over 10 years to help recruit 1 million new teachers, with provisions for college aid, loan forgiveness and signing bonuses. Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board. Gore would also require states to ensure that all new teachers pass rigorous assessments. Says Feistritzer: "Gore's proposal might be a little excessive in the number of teachers he wants to recruit, but his teacher testing is exactly what we need."

注（1）：本文選自Time；11/06/2000, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2005年真題text 1第一題（1），2001年真題text 4第2題（2）和第3題（4），text 3第1題（5）和第2題（3）

1.       In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.

[A] quoting the Teach of the Year
[B] citing an example
[C] making an assumption
[D] posing a contrast

2.       According to Emily Feistritzer, Bush’s plan might_________.

[A] be handicapped by the states
[B] give the states too much freedom
[C] help states recruit more teachers
[D] be too flexible

3.       The basic problem many veterans encounter when they seek the teaching profession is _____.

[A] their lack of training and experience
[B] their background
[C] that they do not have the making of a teacher
[D] the barriers in the certification process

4.       From paragraph 4 we can infer that__________.

[A] Gore’s plan is better than Bush’s plan
[B] poor districts will receive more funding from Gore’s plan
[C] Gore’s plan focuses on the number of teachers while Bush’s plan on the accountability
[D] Gore’s plan gives qualified teacher generous paycheck

5.       What is the passage mainly about?

[A] The competition between Bush and Gore.
[B] Two presidential candidates’ plans of teacher training, recruitment and rewarding.
[C] The increasing importance of the teaching profession.
[D] The differences between Bush’s plan and that of Gore’s.

答案：C A D D B

篇章剖析：
本篇文章是說明文，介紹了兩位總統(tǒng)候選人布什和戈爾各自的教師招募和培訓(xùn)計劃。第一段提出了兩位候選人的一個共同之處：想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎勵優(yōu)秀教師。第二段介紹了布什的新基金計劃；第三段介紹了布什的“軍人當(dāng)教師”計劃；第四段介紹了戈爾的教師招募和評估方案。

詞匯注釋：
candidate: [] n. 候選人
recruit: [] v. 吸收（新成員）；招募
accountability: [] n. 有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)
bureaucracy: [] n. 官僚, 官僚作風(fēng), 官僚機構(gòu)
certification: [] n. 證明，證明書；合格證
tap: [] v. 開發(fā)；利用
endorse: [] v. 支持，核準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)或給予支持，尤以公開聲明形式；核準(zhǔn)
forgiveness: [] n. 免除(債務(wù)等)
bonus: [] n. 紅利；獎金；額外津貼
rigorous: [] adj. 嚴(yán)格的, 嚴(yán)厲的
excessive: [] adj. 過多的, 過分的

難句突破
Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board
主體句式：Gore would spend an additional $8 billion.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個復(fù)雜句，不定式to provide raises ….作整個句子的目的狀語，其中包含了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾districts，介詞plus引導(dǎo)了一個伴隨狀語，修飾這個目的狀語。
句子譯文：此外，戈爾計劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國家教育委員會證書的教師10000美元。

題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。可以從第一句話would agree看出。would是一種虛擬用法，表明這是作者的一種假想。
2. 答案為A，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，布什的計劃類似于里根的計劃，當(dāng)時錢撥到了各州，但最后都不知去向。Emily Feistritzer擔(dān)心如果各州可以按照自己認(rèn)為適合的方式動用這筆資金的話，這筆錢將不被用于最初的目的。也就是說布什的計劃會在州里執(zhí)行不力。
3. 答案為D，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題的答案在文中第三段，退伍老兵Moore說許多本來可成為優(yōu)秀教師的退伍軍人卻因為the bureaucracy of the certification process而受阻。
4. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。這可以從獲得全國教育委員會認(rèn)證的教師每人還可以得到1萬美元的提議中看出。
5. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。判斷文章的主旨。文章第一段借用Whirry之口來說明兩位總統(tǒng)候選人都在積極推動對教師的招募，培訓(xùn)和獎勵政策。接著在第二段和第三段介紹了布什的兩個計劃，第四段介紹了戈爾的計劃，這些計劃都與招募，培訓(xùn)，獎勵政策有關(guān)。所以應(yīng)該是B。

參考譯文：
喬治•W•布什和阿爾•戈爾也許會一致同意這樣一種說法：我們的學(xué)校需要更多像瑪麗蓮•威爾瑞斯這樣的老師。在過去35年中，威爾瑞斯一直鼓勵中學(xué)生深入思考偉大文學(xué)作品的意義并在自己的寫作中運用其中的一些創(chuàng)作手法。她是那種學(xué)生幾十年后依舊會回到她在加州曼哈頓海灘的教室來拜訪她的老師。去年五月，一個全國教師組織將她評為“年度教師”。現(xiàn)在全國公立學(xué)校計劃在未來十年招聘250萬新教師，威爾瑞斯對于每位總統(tǒng)候選人都想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎勵優(yōu)秀教師的做法感到非常鼓舞�！八麄儍扇硕颊劦搅私處熕刭|(zhì)的問題”，她說�！艾F(xiàn)在正是我們的大好時機。”

布什計劃把大部分用于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和縮小課堂規(guī)模的現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦基金和一個用于教師培訓(xùn)和招募的新基金合在一起，再給這比新資金每年追加4億美元。布什允許各州根據(jù)自己認(rèn)為合適的情況支配這筆基金---前提是他們必須建立教師責(zé)任制制度。這與羅納德•里根在1980年代所做的類似。不過那時，教育信息中心主席埃米莉•費斯特里澤說到：“錢都不知去向�！睂τ诓际驳牡挠媱�，她說：“我擔(dān)心資金到了州里會被挪作他用�！�

布什打算將用于“軍人當(dāng)教師”計劃的資金投入從240萬美元增加到3000萬美元。該計劃把那些想教書的退伍軍人安置在公立學(xué)校，并任用像阿瑟•摩爾這樣的人。阿瑟•摩爾在軍中服役21年后于1994年退役。他知道自己想教書�！昂芏嗳吮緛砜梢猿蔀槌錾�的教師，但由于認(rèn)證過程中的官僚主義而受阻�！爆F(xiàn)年45歲的摩爾說道。他最初在巴爾的摩教四年級學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)給接受特殊教育的學(xué)生做測試工作�！啊�軍人當(dāng)教師’計劃可以降低門檻，激發(fā)退役軍人的潛能，是非常好的計劃�！辈际策�計劃增加數(shù)學(xué)和理科專業(yè)出身，在貧困學(xué)校教書的退伍軍人的貸款免除額。

戈爾的方案得到了教師工會的支持。該方案計劃在10年內(nèi)斥資80億美元幫助招募100萬新教師，并撥款為大學(xué)提供資助，實行貸款免除以及發(fā)放獎金。此外，戈爾計劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國家教育委員會證書的教師10000美元。戈爾還要求各州確保所有的新教師都能通過嚴(yán)格的評估。費斯特里澤說：“戈爾的計劃招募的教師人數(shù)也許有點多，但他的教師測試提案正是我們所需要的�！�
考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇unit75
Unit 75
As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.

In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two."

Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship.

Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s."

While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.

注（1）：本文選自Time；10/23/2000,  p77；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2001年真題text 2和2002年真題text 2第2題（5）

1.       Affirmative action is something ___________.

[A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally
[B] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students
[C] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission
[D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public

2.       Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.

[A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment
[B] minority students have better school performance
[C] Rice has a large minority population
[D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students

3.       The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show
that_____________.

[A] Rice abides by the law strictly
[B] Rice deals with students in a comic way
[C] Rice prefers minority students
[D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law

4.       It seems that minority students _________.

[A] are still benefiting from affirmative action
[B] have lower SAT scores
[C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience
[D] lag far behind than other students in school performance

5.       The word “plummeted” (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________. 

[A] doubled
[B] risen
[C] stayed the same
[D] decreased

答案：C A D A D

篇章剖析
本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個例子說明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。

詞匯注釋：
primp: [] v. 梳理（頭發(fā)），打扮
preen: [] v. 把(自己)打扮漂亮
wow: [] v. 激起熱烈贊揚, 使驚嘆, 使佩服
affirmative-action: 平權(quán)措施
counteract: [] v. 抵抗；抵制；消除，抵消
enrollment: [] n. 登記, 注冊, 入學(xué)
counselor: [] n. 顧問
nominate: [] v. 提名, 推薦
predominantly: [] adv. 主要地，占優(yōu)勢地
Hispanic: [] adj. 西班牙的
literature: [] n. 印刷品
resort: [] v. 求助, 訴諸, 采取(某種手段等)
end-run: 迂回
diverse: [] adj. 不同的, 變化多的
SAT: 學(xué)術(shù)能力測驗指代（美國）學(xué)術(shù)能力測試的一種標(biāo)志
numerically: [] adv. 用數(shù)字, 在數(shù)字上
recommendation: [] n. 推薦信
discrimination: [] n. 歧視
veteran: [] n. 老手, 富有經(jīng)驗的人
dip: [] v. （短時間）降下一點，降低一些
plummet: [] v. 驟降，爆跌突然和大幅度地降低
Chicano: [] adj. <美>n.奇卡諾人(指墨西哥裔美國人或在美國的講西班牙語的拉丁美洲人后裔)
outreach: [] n. 擴大服務(wù)項目；有系統(tǒng)地嘗試向一團體的特別部門提供超常規(guī)的服務(wù)
calculus: [] n. 微積分學(xué)
seminar: [] n. 研究會, 討論發(fā)表會

難句突破:
That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days.
主體句式That’s one reason…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個復(fù)雜句，reason后面的成分是一個同位語從句，在這個從句里又包含了一個while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，表示對照。文中比較難的語言表達(dá)是play down和affirmative-action�！皃lay down”的意思是“降低，減少”，而“affirmative action”指的是美國大學(xué)為了保證少數(shù)族裔的受教育機會而采取的照顧政策，稱為“平權(quán)措施”。
句子譯文：正因如此，才會有六個州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因為擔(dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實施平權(quán)法案方面的努力。

題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的上下文，美國六個州制定法律，規(guī)定“racial preferences in college admissions”為非法，繼而說美國的學(xué)校為了免于訴訟就減少了“affirmation action”的努力，可見“affirmation action”應(yīng)該是指在大學(xué)入學(xué)方面給與少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的照顧政策。
2. 答案為A，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第四行講述了Rice University不得不重新制定策略“to maintain the school’s minority enrollment”，下面派招生員到各處招收少數(shù)族裔申請者則是實現(xiàn)這一目的的一個方式�？梢姶鸢甘茿。
3. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段提到Rice University為了應(yīng)對新法律不得不重新制定策略來保證學(xué)校少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生入學(xué)。接著在第三段中舉了三個根法律玩擦邊球的例子：把原來給墨西哥裔學(xué)生的年度獎學(xué)金變成給西班牙語流利的學(xué)生（墨西哥裔學(xué)生的母語多位西班牙語）；雖然不知道申請人的種族，但申請者要回答的論文問題卻是“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”，而且招生人員看重的是“不同的體驗”和“克服困難”的學(xué)生（少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生通過回答這些問題就可以輕易地讓招生人員把他們挑出來）。可見Rice大學(xué)自有一套對付法律的辦法。
4. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第四段舉了兩個大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績不高但依然被錄取的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的例子，接著引用一位中學(xué)顧問的話：“所有的報紙都說平權(quán)措施（affirmative action）要過時了，但一切都是老樣子。”來說明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生依然從平權(quán)措施中受益。
5. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個詞的意思可以從下文中給出的例子猜測出來。文中說：以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個數(shù)字是1013人�？梢娚贁�(shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)是大幅下降了。

參考譯文：
當(dāng)學(xué)生們?yōu)榱私o自己喜愛的學(xué)校留下好印象而打扮修飾的時候，有一點卻是他們無法控制的：那就是他們的種族身份。正因如此，才會有六個州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因為擔(dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實施平權(quán)措施方面的努力。但別弄錯了：種族身份仍然很重要。到底有多重要則因?qū)W校和州而異。

在德克薩斯州，公立大學(xué)通過自動錄取各個中學(xué)畢業(yè)班成績在前10%的學(xué)生，包括那些以少數(shù)族裔為主的學(xué)校的學(xué)生來抵消禁止照顧某些種族所產(chǎn)生的影響。但休斯敦的私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對學(xué)生的挑選比較嚴(yán)格，因而不得不重新制定其招生方針以保持學(xué)校少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的入學(xué)情況。每年二月，80到90名黑人，西班牙裔和印第安人兒童會免費參觀萊斯。萊斯鼓勵少數(shù)民族學(xué)生較多的中學(xué)的顧問提名合格的學(xué)生。今年秋季，萊斯還派了兩名招生員到外地尋找少數(shù)族裔的申請人；每一名招生員走訪了將近80所以黑人和西班牙裔學(xué)生為主的中學(xué)。兩星期前，萊斯的招生員塔瑪拉•塞勒順便走訪了亞特蘭大市的西湖中學(xué)，該校1296名學(xué)生中99%都是黑人。塞勒帶著印刷品和建議去到那所學(xué)校，雖然只有兩個孩子露面，她仍然說：“我很高興我招到了兩個”

萊斯大學(xué)還采取了一些可笑的迂回手段來應(yīng)對這條法律。 這所大學(xué)以前每年都會給一位墨西哥裔美國學(xué)生授予年度獎學(xué)金；現(xiàn)在的要求則是能夠說一口流利的西班牙語。招生官員再也無從知道申請人的種族身份。但一個新的考試題目問及每個學(xué)生的“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”。當(dāng)萊斯的官員閱讀申請書的時候，他們尋找的是“不同的生活體驗”以及被他們笨拙地稱為“克困學(xué)生”的那些成功克服困難的學(xué)生。

去年春天，閱讀招生信息的讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個學(xué)生的SAT（學(xué)術(shù)能力測驗）成績低于1200分，而且她也不在班里的前10%之列。如果按排序的話，她比大部分已經(jīng)被接受的申請人的成績要差很多。但她的論文和推薦信表明她對于民權(quán)有著濃厚的興趣，而且還親身經(jīng)歷過種族歧視。最后她被錄取了�！八�有的報紙都說平權(quán)措施要過時了，”來自一所規(guī)模較大的紐約市中學(xué)的一位資深顧問說道。“但一切都是老樣子。我知道一個[少數(shù)族裔]學(xué)生上了耶魯，SAT成績也就900多分�！�

自從1998年開始禁止平權(quán)措施以來，加利福尼亞大學(xué)少數(shù)族裔的整體錄取情況只是略有下降，盡管如此，他們在淘汰率高的校區(qū)卻下降較多。以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個數(shù)字是1013人。為了應(yīng)對這一情況，那些主力學(xué)院都開始積極在少數(shù)民族中學(xué)招生---甚至還積極幫助那些從這類學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績。今年加利福尼亞大學(xué)將會花2.5億美元系統(tǒng)地擴大服務(wù)項目，從在低收入學(xué)校安排指導(dǎo)教師到邀請中學(xué)老師參加夏季微積分研討會等不一而足。
考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇unit76
Unit 76
Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the pastoral town of Bloomfield, Conn., but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner-city schools in nearby Hartford: low scores on standardized tests, dropping enrollment and high rates of detention. Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home. For good measure, the board provided wireless Internet access at school. Total cost: $2.5 million.

Now, an hour before classes start, every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online. Fifth-grade teacher Jen Friday talks about sedimentary rocks as students view them at a colorful website. After school, students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework. Since the computers arrived, enrollment is up 20%. Disciplinary suspensions are down 80%. Scores on state achievement tests are up 35%. Bolton, who is black, is proud to run "a school with 90% black enrollment that is on the cutting edge."

Indeed, school systems in rural Maine and New York City are eager to follow Arace Middle School's example. Governor Angus King has proposed using $50 million from an unexpected budget surplus to buy a laptop for all of Maine's 17,000 seventh-graders--and for new seventh-graders each fall. The funds would create a permanent endowment whose interest would help buy the computers. The plan, scaled back to $30 million in a compromise with the legislature, is scheduled to be voted on this week.

In the same spirit, the New York City board of education voted unanimously on April 12 to create a school Internet portal, which would make money by selling ads and licensing e-commerce sites. The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students. Profits will be used to buy laptops for each of the school system's 87,000 fourth-graders. Within nine years, all students in grades 4 and higher will have their own computers.

Back in Bloomfield, the school board is seeking federal grant money to expand its laptop program to high school students. In the meantime, most of the kinks have been worked out. Some students were using their computers to goof off or visit unauthorized websites. But teachers have the ability to track where students have been on the Web and to restrict them. "That is the worst when they disable you," says eighth-grade honors student Jamie Bassell. "You go through laptop withdrawal." The habit is rubbing off on parents. "I taught my mom to use e-mail," says another eighth-grader, Katherine Hypolite. "And now she's taking computer classes. I'm so proud of her!"

注（1）：本文選自Time；05/01/2000, p57；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象是1994年真題text4（1，2，3，4題）和text3第4題（第5題）；

1.       The example of Carmen Arace Middle School in the text is used to ___________.

[A] show the challenges schools are faced with today
[B] prove that a school with high black enrollment can do well
[C] emphasize the importance of computers and the Internet in modern education
[D] indicate that laptops can help improve students’ school performance

2.       According to the author, students in New York City’s public schools will ___________.

[A] all have their own laptops within nine years
[B] become more interested in their class activities with the application of laptop
[C] spend more time visiting unauthorized websites with the expansion of the laptop program
[D] enjoy e-mail service provided by the city’s school system in the near future.

3.       By introducing the laptop program, Delore Bolton has ______________.

[A] shaken the beliefs of both teachers’ and students’
[B] witnessed a remarkable improvement in enrollment and students’ test scores
[C] found herself followers all over the country
[D] revolutionized class-room teaching in public schools

4.       The word “kink” (line 2, paragraph 4) most probably means ______________.

[A] plan
[B] method
[C] problem
[D] process

5.       From the passage we learn that __________________.

[A] the laptop program also has a positive influence on parents
[B] the laptop program in public schools is sponsored mainly by endowment
[C] a school Internet portal is the key to a laptop program
[D] students generally like the idea of having their online activities tracked
DDBCA

篇章剖析：
本篇文章是一篇說明文，介紹了美國的一些學(xué)校給學(xué)校師生配置筆記本電腦，引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的情況。文章一開始就引用卡曼•阿雷斯中學(xué)在引入筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)之后發(fā)生的積極變化，以此說明這種做法值得嘗試。接下來在第三段和第四段介紹了緬因州和紐約市的類似做法。最后一段介紹了教師如何確保學(xué)生將這一資源用于學(xué)習(xí)，以及這一舉措的衍生價值：對家長產(chǎn)生積極的影響。

詞匯注釋：
detention: [] n. 阻止, 滯留
laptop: [] n. 便攜式電腦
sedimentary: [] adj. 沉淀性的；沖積成的
backpack: [] n. 背包，背囊
disciplinary:[] adj. 紀(jì)律的，執(zhí)行紀(jì)律的
suspension: [] n. 暫停, 中止
surplus: [] n. 盈余；余款
endowment:[] n. 資助，捐贈
scale:[] v. （與up, down連用）按比例逐步增加； 按比例逐步減少
unanimously: [] adv. 全體一致地,無異議地
portal: [] n. （計）門戶
license: [] v. 準(zhǔn)許；發(fā)給執(zhí)照；批準(zhǔn)
e-commerce: 電子商務(wù)
kink: [] n. （計劃，系統(tǒng)中的）小問題
goof off：打發(fā)時間
unauthorized: [] adj. 未被授權(quán)的, 未經(jīng)認(rèn)可的
rub off on: （感情，習(xí)慣或者某種特點）感染，影響他人

難句突破
Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home.
主體句式：the school's … principal persuaded her board to …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這一句是個簡單句，容易造成理解困難的是hard-driving這個單詞和shake up the place這個短語。hard-driving用于指人的作風(fēng)“強硬”，shake up the place的意思是：“令這個地方震動”，說明這一措施非常大膽。
句子譯文：后來該校作風(fēng)強硬的校長德洛麗斯•博爾頓說服校董事會給每個學(xué)生和老師購置一臺筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾�起了不小的震動�?/P>

題目分析：
1. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。從文中第二段引用的一系列數(shù)字可以看出，引入筆記本電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以后，該校教育質(zhì)量有了顯著提高。所以該校的例子是為了說明筆記本電腦有助于提高學(xué)生的成績。
2. 答案為D，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。這可以從第四段“The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students.”里得知。
3. 答案為B，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段里的shake up the place指她的提議在當(dāng)?shù)匾�起了震動，第二段就以具體數(shù)字說明學(xué)生入學(xué)率增加和測試成績提高的事實。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文，work out the kink，work out的意思是“解決, 設(shè)計出, 作出, 計算出”等，最貼近的意義應(yīng)該是“問題”。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。這可以從文章最后一段“The habit is rubbing off on parents”可知。sth. rubs off on sb.的意思是“感染，影響”。下文從一句學(xué)生談及她母親上電腦班的感受”I am so proud of her”可知這種影響是積極的影響。

參考譯文
卡曼•阿雷斯中學(xué)位于辛辛那提州的寧靜小鎮(zhèn)布盧姆菲爾德，但四年前它面臨著許多與附近哈特福德市市區(qū)學(xué)校同樣的問題：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績較差，入學(xué)率連年下降，留級率居高不下。后來該校作風(fēng)強硬的校長德洛麗斯•博爾頓說服校董事會給每個學(xué)生和老師購置一臺筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾�起了不小的震動。此外，校董事會還為學(xué)校提供了無線上網(wǎng)的便利條件�？偤馁Y為250萬美元。

現(xiàn)在，在上課前一小時，圖書館里就坐滿了想要上網(wǎng)的學(xué)生。五年級教師詹在星期五的課上討論沉積巖，與此同時學(xué)生們在一個內(nèi)容豐富的網(wǎng)站上觀看沉積巖。下課后，坐上公交車的學(xué)生就把筆記本電腦從背包里拿出來，開始做作業(yè)。自從有了電腦以后，學(xué)校的入學(xué)率上升了20%，留級率下降了80%。參加全州水平考試的成績也提高了35%。博爾頓這位黑人校長對于能夠管理一所“黑人入學(xué)率高達(dá)90%，教育質(zhì)量領(lǐng)先的學(xué)校”感到自豪。

的確，緬因州和紐約市的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)校都很渴望采用卡曼•阿雷斯中學(xué)的做法。州長安格斯•金已經(jīng)提議從意外增加的預(yù)算盈余中撥出500萬美元給所有緬因州17000名七年級學(xué)生---以及每年秋季升入七年級的新生購置一臺筆記本電腦。這些資金將會形成一種專門幫助購置電腦的永久資助。這一計劃最終在和立法機關(guān)達(dá)成的妥協(xié)意見中被減少到300萬美元，本周將對這一計劃進(jìn)行投票表決。

出于同樣的想法，紐約市教育局在4月12日一致投票同意創(chuàng)建一個學(xué)�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)門戶，其收益將通過銷售廣告和特許電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站的方式獲得。這一門戶還能為城里的110萬公辦中學(xué)的學(xué)生提供電子郵件服務(wù)。門戶利潤將被用來給該教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)87000名四年級學(xué)生每人購置一臺筆記本電腦。在九年之內(nèi)，所有四年級和更高年級的學(xué)生都將擁有他們自己的電腦。

在布盧姆菲爾德，校董事會正在尋求聯(lián)邦津貼以使筆記本電腦項目也能覆蓋到中學(xué)生。與此同時，操作指南的大部分內(nèi)容也已經(jīng)做出來了。一些學(xué)生曾經(jīng)用電腦訪問未授權(quán)網(wǎng)站來打發(fā)時間。不過教師可以跟蹤學(xué)生的網(wǎng)上活動并對他們進(jìn)行限制。“最糟糕的就是他們讓你無法訪問這些網(wǎng)站，”八年級優(yōu)秀生杰米•巴塞爾說�！澳憬�(jīng)歷的是筆記本電腦上的撤退�！边@種習(xí)慣還能對家長產(chǎn)生影響�！拔医虌寢屖褂秒娮余]件，”另一位八年級學(xué)生凱瑟琳•海珀萊特說道。“現(xiàn)在她正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦課程。我真為她驕傲！”
考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇unit77
Unit 77
THESE HAVE BEEN THE ,BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation’s top universities-and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market, school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be changing.

Williams College, a prestigious liberal arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3%-the smallest hike in 30 years.

These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the whopping tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their endowments to control price hikes. Since 1980, college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation, while the median income of families with college-age children has increased only 12%. Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years-but still more than twice the rate of inflation. "Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb. gorilla facing colleges and universities," says Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education in Washington.

Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1.1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them. "If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need?" asks Princeton president Harold Shapiro. "No, because their tuition is fully covered." The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed-and even squeezed out.

One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its $3 billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores, juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. Another reason for restraint is concern that public outrage will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a $31 billion package to make higher education more affordable. Now if only someone could do something about campus parking.

注（1）：本文選自Time；02/14/2000，p70；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象是1999年真題text2（1，2，3，5題）和2002年真題text2第2題（第4題）

1.       We learn from the beginning of the passage that college tuition _______________.

[A] has become a heavy burden on many middle income families with college-age children
[B] has ballooned due to a robust stock market
[C] has brought more endowments to the top universities
[D] has increased relatively slowly in the past few years

2.       Speaking of college cost, the author implies that ___________________.

[A] it is a big challenge facing colleges and universities
[B] it has increased twice as much as the median income of families in the past 2 decades
[C] changes are taking place as schools are looking for sources to control it
[D] it will not stop increasing until parents are unaffordable

3.       In the view of Harold Shapiro, __________________________.

[A] it’s unnecessary to control tuition increases because even needy students can pay their tuition
[B] students in need can not benefit much from the efforts of keeping tuition constant
[C] schools should provide more scholarships to students instead of cutting down tuition
[D] using endowments to freeze tuition will only add to student’ economic burden

4.       The phrase “800-lb gorilla” (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.

[A] big, heavy animal
[B] urgent issue
[C] tough problem
[D] unwanted situation

5.       We learn from the last paragraph that _______________.

[A] tuition in Rice University has dropped
[B] government will take measures to punish schools that allow their tuition to increase steeply
[C] the public will urge government to tackle tuition increase if schools can not handle it
[D] there will be more middle-income students on college campus if tuition can be curbed

答案：A C B C D

篇章剖析：
本篇文章圍繞高校采取措施抑制學(xué)費增長的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第一段介紹了高校學(xué)費高昂的事實。第二段以威廉姆斯學(xué)院和普林斯頓大學(xué)為例，說明高校正在采取措施抑制學(xué)費增長。第三段介紹了1980年以來高校學(xué)費增長的幅度，第四段介紹了一些高校平抑學(xué)費的措施以及引起的質(zhì)疑，最后一段分析了高校平抑學(xué)費的原因。

詞匯注釋：
robust: [] adj. 健康和有力的；精力充沛的
endowment: [] n. 資助，捐贈
balloon: [] v. 激增，飛漲迅速增長或上升
hike: [] n. 突然的或急劇的上升、上漲、增加
restraint: [] n. 抑制, 制止
turnaround: [] n. 轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)向, (經(jīng)濟, 營業(yè)等的)突然好轉(zhuǎn)
whopping: [] adj. 巨大的, 龐大的
median: [] adj. 中間的，位于中間的
gorilla: [] n. 大猩猩
alumni: [] n. 校友
vulnerable:[] adj. 易受傷害的；易受影響的
boost: [] v. 增進(jìn)；改善
pool: []] n. 集中備用的物資（如錢、 物、工人等）
swell: [] v. 增加，增大
equate: [] v. （常與to, with連用）使相等
autopilot: [] v. 自動駕駛儀; 自動操舵裝置
squeeze: [] v. 壓榨, 擠, 擠榨
curb: [] v. 抑制；控制
outrage: [] n. 憤慨；（由暴力或冒犯而引起的）憤怒
prompt: [] v. 鼓動, 促使
package: [] n. 建議，提議

難句突破
1. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them.
主體句式：college officials say…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個復(fù)雜句，主語college officials帶有一個定語從句。本句難點是vulnerable這個詞。“vulnerable”的意思是“易受攻擊的”。
句子譯文：但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實質(zhì)性的幫助。
2. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on "autopilot," says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College.
主體句式：Gordon Winston says …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句整體結(jié)構(gòu)為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見于引述句，特別是主語較長的引述句。在這個句子里，主語帶了一個同位語，因而比較長，如果按照正常語序就會造成語意連接不緊密地情況。says的賓語是families… “autopilot”，其中families還帶有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
句子譯文：那些將價格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費“隨行就市”的情況，威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟學(xué)家戈登•溫斯頓說。

題目分析：
1. 答案為A，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段第一句話 “the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them”可以看出，高校學(xué)費已經(jīng)令很多家中等收入家庭不堪重負(fù)。
2. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。在文章第一段末寫道：But that may be changing。第二段接著舉例說明高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費。第三段第一句又說這些抑制學(xué)費的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費暴漲的形勢turnaround的跡象，由此可見學(xué)校正積極尋找資金來源控制學(xué)費，學(xué)費問題正在發(fā)生變化。
3. 答案為B，屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段引用Shapiro的話說真正困難的學(xué)生并不會因為學(xué)費保持穩(wěn)定其境況就發(fā)生改變，因為學(xué)生的學(xué)費都是足額支付的。也就是說這些學(xué)生不會從中受益。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。“gorilla”本意為“大猩猩”，根據(jù)上下文，中等收入家庭的收入增幅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于學(xué)費的增幅，因而各大高校都面臨著如何使中等收入家庭付得起學(xué)費這樣一個“800-1b gorilla”，下文又介紹了各高校如何采取措施平抑學(xué)費，可見這里“800-1b gorilla”是一個暗喻，指“棘手的問題”。
5. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段解釋了高校平抑學(xué)費的原因之一就是想要吸引更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。最末一具有說“現(xiàn)在要是有人能夠解決以下校園停車問題就好了”，暗示校園有可能會有很多學(xué)生。不難理解，如果學(xué)費能夠被平抑，會有更多來自中等收入家庭的孩子。

參考譯文：
對于國內(nèi)許多一流大學(xué)來說，現(xiàn)在是最好的時候；而對于那些收入中等，勉強付得起學(xué)費的家庭來說，情況已經(jīng)糟得不能再糟了。幸虧股市上揚，學(xué)校獲得的資助也水漲船高�？墒菂s沒有多少學(xué)校能夠遏制住不斷上漲的學(xué)費。不過這種情況也許正在發(fā)生變化。

馬薩諸塞州的著名文科大學(xué)威廉姆斯學(xué)院上個月宣布其學(xué)費將維持在31,520美元的水平上，這開了46六年來的先例。普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生上周得知他們每年31,599美元的學(xué)費，食宿費將只上漲3.3%，是30年來增幅最小的一次。

這些抑制學(xué)費的措施也許是最近幾年學(xué)費暴漲的形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)的跡象，因為一些學(xué)校目前已經(jīng)開始考慮用所獲得的資助來控制價格上漲。從1980年開始，由于通貨膨脹而調(diào)整價格后，大學(xué)費用增加了一倍多，而供孩子上大學(xué)的家庭平均收入只增加了12%。去年學(xué)費平均漲幅是4.6%，雖然是12年里增幅最低的一次，但仍然是通貨膨脹指數(shù)的兩倍多�！案鞔蟾咝６济媾R如何讓中產(chǎn)階級家庭支付得起學(xué)費這樣一個棘手的問題，”華盛頓美國教育委員會高級副總裁特里•哈特爾說道。

威廉姆斯學(xué)院平抑學(xué)費的措施就是利用從其11億美元捐贈款所得的投資利潤和該校校友會的捐款來支付大部分的賬單。但反對利用捐贈款來防止學(xué)費增長的大學(xué)官員認(rèn)為這些措施對于那些受到學(xué)費增長打擊最大的學(xué)生并無實質(zhì)性的幫助�！氨３謱W(xué)費不變難道會讓那些身處逆境的學(xué)生的境況發(fā)生改變嗎？”普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈羅德•夏皮羅質(zhì)疑道�！安�，因為他們的學(xué)費已經(jīng)全都支付了�！痹撔Ｓ媱澖衲杲o每位貧困學(xué)生的獎學(xué)金增加到2250美元。的確，上得起一流大學(xué)的家庭并不在少數(shù)。雖然哈佛大學(xué)每年學(xué)費都會增加，但申請入學(xué)的人數(shù)還是從1992年的13029人增加到了去年的18167人�！澳切�將價格和質(zhì)量劃等號的家庭其實默許了一流大學(xué)學(xué)費“隨行就市”的情況，”威廉姆斯學(xué)院的一位經(jīng)濟學(xué)家戈登•溫斯頓說。最富裕的家庭負(fù)擔(dān)得起學(xué)費，貧困家庭能得到財政資助，而中等收入家庭卻陷入困境，甚至無力負(fù)擔(dān)學(xué)費。

各高校紛紛開始控制學(xué)費增長的一個原因就是要吸引中等收入家庭的學(xué)生。休斯敦萊斯大學(xué)動用了30億美元的捐贈基金以確保大二，大三和大四學(xué)生的學(xué)費不會超過消費者物價指數(shù)。另一個控制學(xué)費增長的原因就是擔(dān)心公眾的憤怒會導(dǎo)致政府干預(yù)。國會已經(jīng)開始在本周連續(xù)兩天的聽證會上處理這個問題，克林頓總統(tǒng)最近也提出了一個310億美元的一攬子計劃來減輕高等教育的學(xué)費負(fù)擔(dān)�，F(xiàn)在要是有人能解決一下校園停車問題就好了。

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