考研網(wǎng)校 模擬考場 考研資訊 復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 歷年真題 模擬試題 經(jīng)驗 考研查分 考研復(fù)試 考研調(diào)劑 論壇 短信提醒 | ||
考研英語| 資料 真題 模擬題 考研政治| 資料 真題 模擬題 考研數(shù)學(xué)| 資料 真題 模擬題 專業(yè)課| 資料 真題 模擬題 在職研究生 |
考研網(wǎng)校 模擬考場 考研資訊 復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 歷年真題 模擬試題 經(jīng)驗 考研查分 考研復(fù)試 考研調(diào)劑 論壇 短信提醒 | ||
考研英語| 資料 真題 模擬題 考研政治| 資料 真題 模擬題 考研數(shù)學(xué)| 資料 真題 模擬題 專業(yè)課| 資料 真題 模擬題 在職研究生 |
Part IV: English-Chinese Translation
71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of
historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In thls search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the histo- rian' s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an un- ending process .
72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questtons and providing rewarding ap- proaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a dis- cipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contempo- rary world. 73) During this transfer , traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74 ) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. His-
torians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tun- nel method , " frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy. " Also common in the natural sci- ences , the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 75 ) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and intemal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their ac- tivity with specific techniques.
Part V Writing (15 points)
76 . Directions:
A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
C. Your essay should cover these three points:
l . effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife
2 . possible reason for the effect
3 . your suggestion for wildlife protection
參考答案:
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C IO. A
11. D, were 12. D, saving
13. C, family-run 14. C, environmental
15. B, that 16. A, in
17. C, to make 18. D, skinned
19. B, great 20. D, until
21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A
26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C
36. B 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. B
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B
46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. D
51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A
56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. D
61. C 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. D
66. A 67. A 68. B 69. D 70. A
71.幾乎每個歷史學(xué)家對史學(xué)都有自己的界定,但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實踐最趨向于認為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實并對其做出解釋。
72.人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論,主要是因為史學(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一,其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學(xué)問。
73.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中,歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時,那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。
74.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念,還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段,人們對此意見不一。
75.這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)派和歷史社科派;前者認為歷史就是史學(xué)界內(nèi)部和外部人士對各種史料來源的評論,后者認為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。
國家 | 北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 |
安徽 | 浙江 | 山東 | 江西 | 福建 |
廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |