第 1 頁(yè):范文及譯文 |
第 2 頁(yè):炫詞/炫語(yǔ)/炫句研究 |
【炫詞/炫語(yǔ)/炫句研究】
1. to sit for examinations: 就相當(dāng)于to take part in examinations
2. qualifying examination;資格考試;體育上的資格賽就叫 qualifying matches
3. graduate studies: “研究生學(xué)習(xí)”的美國(guó)說(shuō)法; 英國(guó)的說(shuō)法是postgraduate studies
4. Master’s program:碩士學(xué)位課程;“本科學(xué)位課程”是undergraduate program或Bachelor’s program; “博士學(xué)位課程”是 Ph.D. program 或 doctoral program;
5. to prepare for examinations: 備考
6. either through …or by …: 要么是通過(guò)…, 要么是憑借…
7. years of arduous self-education: 數(shù)年的艱苦自學(xué); arduous:艱難卓絕的; self-education的另一個(gè)說(shuō)法是self-study;
8. to spend large sums of money attending local training schools: spend time or money (on) doing something; 另外,在large sums of money這個(gè)表達(dá)方式中,雖然money是不可數(shù)的,但作為量詞的sum是可數(shù)的,要用復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相應(yīng)要用復(fù)數(shù)。類(lèi)似的例子有amount, 如large amounts of energy, 其用法與large sums of money相同。
9. examinations-related study materials:與考試相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)材料
10. the training programs offered, both online and offline, 網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下所提供的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目;the training programs offered 就相當(dāng)于the training programs (which are )offered;
11. a sizable industry: 一個(gè)規(guī)?捎^的產(chǎn)業(yè);sizable:sufficiently big
12. an alarming fact about this craze is that…有關(guān)這股狂熱,一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)是……
13. students pursue graduate studies not out of their voluntary will: 學(xué)生們不是出于其自主的意愿去尋求研究生學(xué)習(xí)的;pursue graduate studies是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的表達(dá)方式;out of就相當(dāng)于from; voluntary: 自愿的; will:意志,意愿;
14. faced with the harsh reality in the employment market: 面對(duì)著就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí);faced with 一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);harsh reality:嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí);the employment market: 就業(yè)市場(chǎng);
15. where employers forever look for graduates with higher degrees:where指in the employment market;graduates with higher degrees:擁有更高學(xué)位的畢業(yè)生
16. many college graduates find going to graduate schools is a good way to …: many college graduates find 后面省略掉了賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that;going to graduate schools 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ);
17. avoid unemployment: avoid的用法有二,一是avoid something; 二是avoid doing something;
18. to enhance one’s competitiveness in future job hunting: 提升在未來(lái)求職過(guò)程中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;to enhance one’s competitiveness是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的搭配;“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”叫competitive edge(s); future是形容詞;job hunting是個(gè)固定搭配;
19. voluntary initiative:initiative 是積極性,主動(dòng)性,進(jìn)取心的意思;另外,“中東的和平倡議” 就叫the Middle East peace initiative;
20. most students who do enter graduate schools are not self-motivated: “do enter”是動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式;not self-motivated: 缺乏自我動(dòng)力;
21. the only thing that counts:就相當(dāng)于 the only thing that matters; ultimately: 最終地
22. the degree or the diploma which they expect could give them an upper hand against other job seekers:那個(gè)他們希冀能夠使他們相對(duì)于其他求職者略勝一籌的學(xué)位或文憑;they expect是插入語(yǔ),并非是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ);which才是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),could give是定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;類(lèi)似的例子如:This is a book which I hope would be useful to you. could 采用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與實(shí)際并不相符;an upper hand: 優(yōu)勢(shì),上風(fēng); job seekers:求職者,就相當(dāng)于job hunters;
23. as to the actual substance of their graduate studies, it’s not a big deal: as to就相當(dāng)于as for, 表示“至于”. the actual substance: 實(shí)際的內(nèi)容; substance即content; it’s not a big deal口語(yǔ)與書(shū)面語(yǔ)中都很常用,表示“并非大事一樁”;
24. as long as it leads to that degree or diploma:只要它能帶來(lái)那個(gè)學(xué)位或文憑即可;as long as是連詞,表示“只要”,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;
25. It is really pathetic to see that…: 看到… 真是令人心感悲哀;
26. students undertake graduate studies with an ulterior motive:undertake graduate studies就相當(dāng)于pursue graduate studies; an ulterior motive: 固定詞組,表示“別有用心”的意思;
27. not for the sake of …, but for the sake of … : 不是為了…的緣故,而是為了…的緣故;
28. to land a job, which in many cases might be unrelated to what they have studied: to land a job表示“找到工作”; 在口語(yǔ)中, land當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用是,表示“贏得,得到,找到,撈到”,如to land a contract, to land a trophy, to land a nomination, to land a prize; in many cases: 在許多情形中;
29. the chill truth is that…: 令人心寒的事實(shí)真相是…
30. students soon find (that) their anticipations are a mere dream: 學(xué)生們很快發(fā)現(xiàn),他們的期望只是一種幻想;find后面省略了引導(dǎo)詞“that”;
31. As so many undergraduates proceed onto graduate studies: as是連詞,表示“由于”、“隨著”,代表原因。undergraduate:本科生; proceed onto … 指停頓或打斷后繼續(xù)進(jìn)行(做)某事; 如: After talking about Plan A, let’s proceed onto Plan B.
32. the employment situation remains as severe as ever: 就業(yè)形勢(shì)一如既往地依然嚴(yán)峻。employment situation是個(gè)固定詞組,值得一記; remain是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞,表示“一直處于某種境地或狀態(tài)”;as severe as ever:與以往一樣的嚴(yán)峻;記住“as … as ever”的用法。
33. Instead of bringing about apparent competitive edges, two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy. 二至三年額外的學(xué)術(shù)訓(xùn)練沒(méi)能給學(xué)生帶來(lái)顯著的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),反而是白白地浪費(fèi)了他們的時(shí)光與精力;現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)bringing about apparent competitive edges這個(gè)動(dòng)作,是主句的主語(yǔ)two or three years of additional academic training所發(fā)出的。bringing about或bringing在此處都可以用,意思略微不同;bringing是“帶來(lái)”,bringing about是“造成,導(dǎo)致,產(chǎn)生”, competitive edges: 上面已講過(guò),是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”的意思;在“two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy” 這個(gè)句子中,有人會(huì)問(wèn),two or three years of additional academic training作為一個(gè)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ),是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的,與“is a waste of time and energy”中單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞“is”是否一致;卮鹗,“是一致的”。 雖然“two or three years of additional academic training”形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但是,它是被動(dòng)作一個(gè)整體來(lái)處理的,整個(gè)看作“一段時(shí)間”。 類(lèi)似的例子如:Two years is a long time to wait. 此外,還有:Three miles is a long distance to walk. 等。a waste of time and energy是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的短語(yǔ)。
34. to reflect on this craze: 單獨(dú)一個(gè)reflect當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞使用時(shí),是“反映,折射”的意思,如:This article fully reflects his ideas. 但作為不及物動(dòng)詞,與介詞on結(jié)合使用時(shí),表示“反思,思索”;
35. be better off doing something: 做某事要來(lái)的更愜意,(日子)過(guò)得更滋潤(rùn);如:As long as there are enough to eat and drink, I will be better off living in the countryside.
36. distinguishing themselves with outstanding knowledge and skills: 憑著出色的學(xué)識(shí)與能力使自己脫穎而出;to distinguish somebody with something 是個(gè)值得記住的詞組。
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