專(zhuān)家解析大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試歷年閱讀真題(十五)

　　33. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adult like is attributed by the author to ________.

　　A) the widespread influence of television

　　B) the poor arrangement of teaching content

　　C) the fast pace of human intellectual development

　　D) the constantly rising standard of living(A)

　　34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?

　　A) It enables children to gain more social information.

　　B) It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.

　　C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.

　　D) It can control what children are to learn.(D)

　　35. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?

　　A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.

　　B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.

　　C) He considers it a positive development.

　　D) He seems to be upset about it.(B)

　　這篇材料講的是兒童早熟的問(wèn)題。開(kāi)頭首先講述了一個(gè)作者親歷的故事，作為引出兒童早熟問(wèn)題的契機(jī)——六年前我在餐廳里遇見(jiàn)一對(duì)母子并偷聽(tīng)了他們的談話(huà);母親問(wèn)兒子過(guò)的怎么樣，兒子回答說(shuō)最近有一點(diǎn)沮喪(a little depressed lately)。

　　母子的對(duì)話(huà)深深印在作者的腦子里，因?yàn)樗C實(shí)了作者的一個(gè)想法：現(xiàn)在的孩子正在改變。是什么方面改變了?作者拿現(xiàn)在的孩子與小時(shí)候的自己做了對(duì)比：小時(shí)的我直到高中才知道沮喪是什么滋味(I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school)。

　　問(wèn)題已經(jīng)提出，接下來(lái)作者就要證明這個(gè)問(wèn)題確實(shí)存在。第三段舉出了很多現(xiàn)在兒童早熟的表現(xiàn)：Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to。

　　兒童早熟的原因何在?從第四段開(kāi)始，文章進(jìn)入了分析問(wèn)題階段。第一句話(huà)就一針見(jiàn)血，指出問(wèn)題的根源出在接觸社會(huì)知識(shí)的途徑上(patterns of access to social knowledge)。社會(huì)角色轉(zhuǎn)變后通常要學(xué)習(xí)相應(yīng)的新知識(shí)(Movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status)，大人們一直在教給孩子們這樣的知識(shí)，但要進(jìn)度是緩慢的、按部就班的(slowly and in stages)。這里所說(shuō)的社會(huì)角色轉(zhuǎn)變也就是年齡增長(zhǎng)的結(jié)果，比如上六年級(jí)和上五年級(jí)即是兩種不同的社會(huì)角色。

　　第四段說(shuō)的是孩子們過(guò)去吸收新知識(shí)的情形，第五段則開(kāi)始介紹現(xiàn)狀。還是從途徑說(shuō)起，98%的美國(guó)家庭都已經(jīng)安裝了電視(installed in 98 percent of American homes)，電視是一個(gè)傳遞信息的載體，傳遞對(duì)象不分成人與兒童，兒童通過(guò)看電視過(guò)早地吸收了尚不適合他們的知識(shí)。

　　文章最后一段介紹了通過(guò)書(shū)本傳授知識(shí)的好處，這也算是作者提出的兒童早熟問(wèn)題的一個(gè)解決方案。通過(guò)印刷品傳授知識(shí)可以更容易地控制兒童接觸到的知識(shí)是適合他們的年齡層次的(allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access)，只要不讓兒童在成長(zhǎng)到一定程度之前接觸較為復(fù)雜的知識(shí)就可以了(Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials)。

　　31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.

　　A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child

　　B) something hardly to be expected in a young child

　　C) an inevitable has of children’s mental development

　　D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children(B)

　　題目問(wèn)根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，“感到沮喪”是……。

　　A，孩子出現(xiàn)心理問(wèn)題的明確信號(hào)。

　　B，很難想象會(huì)在小孩子身上出現(xiàn)。

　　C，孩子精神成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中不可避免的現(xiàn)象(原文有誤，此為大體意思)。

　　D，存在于所有人類(lèi)身上的精神現(xiàn)象，包括孩子。