30. Which of the following statements does the author support?
A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.
B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.
C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.
D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.(D)
這篇文章講的是何種專業(yè)在人才市場上更受青睞的問題。到底什么樣的人才更受青睞呢?文章實際上講了兩個觀點,前兩段論述了第一個觀點,即“專家”更受青睞;后面的三段又提出了與此相反的觀點,“雜家”更受青睞。觀點之所以不同,是因為它們的前提條件不同。
先來看第一個觀點。第一句可以說開宗明義:the best route to a job is to get specialized training,最好的辦法是練就專業(yè)技能。而后作者提出了論據(jù)——最近一項調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,商務類和醫(yī)療保健類的畢業(yè)生很受公司青睞(companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care)。
下一段舉出了更多的例子。That’s especially true of booming fields,這里的fields應該和第一段的fields所指相同,都是指學生的專業(yè)。急速發(fā)展的領域更是炙手可熱,一個酒店管理學院的本科畢業(yè)生平均可以接到五到六個職位邀請(get an average of four or five job offers),同時有大量的升職機會。
接下來,作者筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn),提出了一個反面觀點,too much specialization doesn’t pay off(pay off詞組指“得到回報”)。而觀點不同的關鍵在于條件,第二個觀點是in the long run,即從長遠來看。作者首先以商務領域為例,指出MBA過剩使得這一學歷不再是職業(yè)通行證(no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval)。
下一段介紹了密歇根州的Scheetz的說法,繼續(xù)支持第二個觀點。Scheetz認為,盡管現(xiàn)在的公司在招新人時依然傾向于招收“專家”(tend to take on specialists as new hires),但在中上層管理職位上更傾向于“雜家”(generalists for middle and upper-level management)。原因是專家的眼光局限于具體細節(jié),難以從大局考慮(constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture)。
如果這篇材料是寫給高中生們的,那么最后一段可以算是大學專業(yè)報考指南。This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate:這似乎是在正面肯定文科畢業(yè)生。那么文科生有什么優(yōu)勢呢?寫作、交流能力、組織技巧、開放的頭腦、適應性、分析和解決問題的能力(writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems)。作者又引出另一位人士David Birch把文科生大夸了一番,最后以Scheetz的中庸觀點收場:文科學歷加上專業(yè)技能(liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training)將是市場的寵兒。
26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?
A) Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.
B) People with an MBA degree from top universities.
C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.
D) People with special training in engineering.
本題問哪些人在人才市場上需求量頗高。
這道題的考查的內(nèi)容涉及全篇材料,必須根據(jù)每一個選項所描述的特點,在文章中找到相應的內(nèi)容,對比之后排除錯誤選項。(C)
A,人文學科的本科畢業(yè)生。Humanities,人文學科,可以認為是文章后幾段所說的liberal-arts,但這些專業(yè)的人在是從長遠角度看(in the long run),易進入中高層職位(for middle and upper-level management),而不是本科畢業(yè)生。
B,擁有頂尖大學MBA學位的人。第三段提到MBA學位no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval,說明MBA學位已經(jīng)并不火爆了。
C,經(jīng)過正規(guī)學校教育同時擁有工作經(jīng)驗的人。第二段最后一句是Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience,這里提到經(jīng)過正規(guī)學校教育同時擁有工作經(jīng)驗的人受到了大公司的青睞,符合題意。
D,在工程學方面擁有專業(yè)技能的人。最后一段說明文科生的特點有利于找工作,其中提到工程人才:David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree,意思是此人絕不雇用MBA或是工程學畢業(yè)生。這說明工程學人才并不火爆。
27. By saying “... but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.
A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation
B) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions
C) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now
D) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(B)
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