新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(七)

　　例如:

　　There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒(méi)有汽車(chē)了，我們只好坐出租車(chē)了。

　　Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.

　　The signal given，the bus started.信號(hào)發(fā)出后，公共汽車(chē)就啟動(dòng)了。

　　(時(shí)間)改為從句:

　　After the signal was given, the bus started.

　　The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著劍。

　　The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.

　　The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結(jié)束了，兩個(gè)月之后進(jìn)行期末考試.

　　The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.

　　Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長(zhǎng)城。

　　If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.

　　The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著劍。(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

　　上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)可以用with引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結(jié)構(gòu)更加口語(yǔ)話，更加常用。

　　She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含著淚水，離開(kāi)了辦公室。

　　The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子，手里拿著幾本書(shū)，走進(jìn)了教室。

　　The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.

　　Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)顯得美麗動(dòng)人。

　　With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領(lǐng)路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地找到他的家。

　　With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對(duì)一定能搞好。

　　1、指出下列句子中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):

　　1) My work having been finished, I went home.

　　---My work having been finished

　　2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.

　　---A faraway look in her eyes

　　3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.

　　---My watch having been lost

　　4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.

　　--- his face red with cold

　　5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.

　　--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others

　　6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.

　　--- His face hidden by an upturned…….