2、作狀語(yǔ)。分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時(shí)間和原因的分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。)學(xué)生們看見(jiàn)老師走進(jìn)房間,都站了起來(lái)。 (時(shí)間)
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時(shí)間)
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺(jué)。(原因)
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。)
他是個(gè)學(xué)生,所以對(duì)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學(xué)們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞,決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)物理。 (原因)
The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開(kāi)了。(行為方式)
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里,許多學(xué)生圍著他。(行為方式)
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。)看報(bào)時(shí),父親不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。(時(shí)間)(分詞前,可加表示時(shí)間的連詞while或when。)
3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例如:
Can you get the machine going again?你能使機(jī)器再動(dòng)起來(lái)嗎?
You should have your hair cut。你該理發(fā)了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看見(jiàn)他來(lái)了。
4、作表語(yǔ)。
例如:
The film is very moving。這部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作業(yè)做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.參觀者看上去很驚訝。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)诓莸厣仙⒉健?/P>
5、作句子獨(dú)立成分(分詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例如:
Flags flying,the army men marched in the streets。旗幟飄揚(yáng),軍隊(duì)在街上行進(jìn)。
All his ribs broken,he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折斷,半死不活地躺著。
分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致,必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們?cè)谝黄鹜妗?現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語(yǔ)my wife做的動(dòng)作,它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些,它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(過(guò)去分詞given表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)the trees承受的動(dòng)作,它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide。我們到那山洞探險(xiǎn),彼得做向?qū)А?(獨(dú)立主格)
The train having gone,we had to wait another day。分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面可以加上連詞或介詞,但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but,and),因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,而分詞短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分。分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。
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