新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(七)

　　2、作狀語(yǔ)。分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時(shí)間和原因的分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　例如：

　　Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)學(xué)生們看見(jiàn)老師走進(jìn)房間，都站了起來(lái)。 (時(shí)間)

　　Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時(shí)間)

　　Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺(jué)。(原因)

　　Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。)

　　他是個(gè)學(xué)生，所以對(duì)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。(原因)

　　Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學(xué)們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)物理。 (原因)

　　The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開(kāi)了。(行為方式)

　　The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。(行為方式)

　　While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看報(bào)時(shí)，父親不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。(時(shí)間)(分詞前，可加表示時(shí)間的連詞while或when。)

　　3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　例如：

　　Can you get the machine going again?你能使機(jī)器再動(dòng)起來(lái)嗎?

　　You should have your hair cut。你該理發(fā)了。

　　I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看見(jiàn)他來(lái)了。

　　4、作表語(yǔ)。

　　例如：

　　The film is very moving。這部影片很感人。

　　Your homework is well done。你的作業(yè)做得好。

　　The visitors looked surprised.參觀者看上去很驚訝。

　　The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)诓莸厣仙⒉健?/P>

　　5、作句子獨(dú)立成分(分詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。)

　　例如：

　　Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗幟飄揚(yáng)，軍隊(duì)在街上行進(jìn)。

　　All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折斷，半死不活地躺著。

　　分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

　　My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們?cè)谝黄鹜妗?現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語(yǔ)my wife做的動(dòng)作，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)

　　Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(過(guò)去分詞given表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)the trees承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)

　　We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我們到那山洞探險(xiǎn)，彼得做向?qū)А?(獨(dú)立主格)

　　The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分。分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。