新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(七)

　　試比較:

　　They are moving their bed.他們正在搬床。 (are moving是謂語(yǔ)，表示主體的動(dòng)作)

　　The story is very moving.這個(gè)故事很感人。 (moving是表語(yǔ)，表示主體的特征)

　　Her homework was done by her sister.她的作業(yè)是她姐姐做的。 (was done是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　Her homework is well done.她的作業(yè)做得很好。( done是表語(yǔ))

　　(6)generally speaking(一般地說(shuō))，roughly speaking(粗略地說(shuō))，strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格地說(shuō))等現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)都是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，在句子中作插入語(yǔ)。

　　例如：

　　Generally speaking，a footballer of 20 is better than one of 40。

　　一般地說(shuō)，二十歲的足球隊(duì)員比四十歲的強(qiáng)。

　　(7)分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，而獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是不同的。

　　例如:

　　The last bus having gone，we had to walk home.

　　末班公共汽車(chē)已開(kāi)走了，我們只好走路回家。

　　(三)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　上面已經(jīng)談到，過(guò)去分詞可以表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”等意義，因此沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和

　　語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過(guò)去分詞)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的間隔。

　　例如:

　　Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

　　(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

　　約翰寫(xiě)完信后，就去郵局了。

　　Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

　　(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

　　老王在北京住了多年，所以對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。

　　Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

　　(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

　　小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺(jué)好一些了

　　一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　例如:

　　Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.

　　(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)

　　他打開(kāi)抽屜，拿出錢(qián)包。

　　Coming into the room，he put down his bag.

　　(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)

　　他走進(jìn)房間，放下提包。

　　Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

　　布朗先生刷過(guò)牙，就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。

　　(此句如寫(xiě)成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)