新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(七)

　　Example:

　　Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

　　-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.

　　-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

　　1)Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.

　　-----It being Sunday I shall have quiet day at home.

　　2)Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.

　　-----Entering the house, he closed the door with a bang.

　　3)Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.

　　-----Walking through the park, we saw a lovely show of flower.

　　4)Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

　　-----As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

　　5)Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

　　-----As he had been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

　　四、使用非謂語動詞應(yīng)注意的問題

　　1、不定式作狀語時常用的句型。動詞不定式在句中可用來作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語，常用于下列句型中:

　　(1) in order to和so as to do(以便，為了):

　　She decided to work harder in order (so as) to catch up with the others. 她決心加緊學(xué)習(xí)，好趕上別人。

　　(2)too……to do……(非�！�… 以至于不能……)

　　The boy is too young to join the navy.這男孩太小參不了海軍。

　　(3) ……enough to do……(足以做……)

　　The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.這廳大得足以容納一千人.

　　(4)only to do……(不料卻……)

　　They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他們搬起石頭卻砸自己的腳。

　　(5)"be+情緒形容詞+to do"這個結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式說明產(chǎn)生這一情緒的原因。

　　We are proud to be trained here in China.在中國受訓(xùn)我們感到自豪。

　　2、動名詞和不定式作主語和表語時的區(qū)別動名詞和不定式都可以作主語和表語。一般來說，在表示抽象的、一般的行為時，多用動名詞;在表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。但在It’s no use(good)，it’s Useless后面常用動名詞作主語。

　　例如

　　Her present job is teaching music. = Teaching music is her… (泛指)

　　To teach music to Grade One is her present job. =Her present job is to teach … (特指)

　　It’s difficult for him to finish the了ob in a week.

　　Tom’s being late again made me angry. 湯姆又來晚了使我很生氣。

　　It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收

　　3、動名詞和不定式作定語時的區(qū)別。

　　作定語時:現(xiàn)在分詞和它修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系(現(xiàn)在分詞可以改為定語從句)，可以置于于被修飾詞之前或之后，動名詞做定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途(可以改為for短語)，而者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它一般只能置于被修飾詞之前。