新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(五)

　　Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 盡管我喜歡那件連衣裙，但穿著不合適。(不說(shuō)Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.)

　　We lack manpower at the moment. 我們現(xiàn)在缺少人手。(不說(shuō)Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)

　　My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元買這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。

　　She resembles her father. 她像她父親。(不說(shuō)her father is resembled by her.)

　　3、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有些用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有些不可以。但沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循，只能個(gè)別掌握：

　　I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的時(shí)候，得到很好的照顧。

　　An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那條街的拐角處正在建起一個(gè)過(guò)街天橋。

　　Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意見(jiàn)。(不能說(shuō) I was agreed with by everybody.)

　　I walked into the house. 我走進(jìn)房子。(不能說(shuō)The house was walked into.)

　　I broke into the house. 我破門而入那棟房子。(卻可以說(shuō)The house was broken into by me.)

　　4、反身代詞和each other, one another作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)。例如：

　　They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他們承認(rèn)他們自己被擊敗了。

　　She praised herself. 她自我表?yè)P(yáng)。

　　He ruined himself. 他毀了自己。

　　5、下列及物動(dòng)詞有特殊的賓語(yǔ)，也不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　　The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的聲音喊叫，想叫住那輛車。

　　The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽氣了。

　　She nodded her approval. 她點(diǎn)頭同意。

　　I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致謝。

　　He wishes to be somebody. 他想成個(gè)人物。

　　He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜歡攝影。

　　Keep silence, please. 請(qǐng)保持安靜。

　　They usually take a walk after supper. 他們通常晚飯后散步。

　　(八)關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明

　　1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。例如:

　　School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開(kāi)學(xué)。

　　The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書(shū)館星期天不開(kāi)放。

　　The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。

　　My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。

　　The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。

　　The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好。

　　The book hardly sells. 這書(shū)買不出去。

　　The door will not shut/lock. 門關(guān)/鎖不上。

　　Am I to blame? 我該受責(zé)備嗎?

　　The house is to let. 房子要出租。

　　The story is interesting to read. 這故事讀起來(lái)很有趣。

　　The film is worth seeing. 這片子值得一看。

　　Your shirt needs washing. 你的襯衫該洗了。