新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(五)

　　It is announced that……. 據(jù)宣布

　　it is (well) known that……. 眾所周知

　　It has been decided that……. 已經(jīng)決定

　　It is supposed that……. 人們認(rèn)為

　　It is suggested that……. 有人建議

　　It must be remembered that……. 務(wù)必記住

　　It is taken for granted that……. 被視為當(dāng)然

　　(五)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的注意事項(xiàng)

　　一是時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：

　　They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開(kāi)辦個(gè)新超市。

　　A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個(gè)新超市不久將在那里開(kāi)辦。

　　The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。

　　Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。

　　Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當(dāng)心老鼠。

　　We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當(dāng)心老鼠。

　　如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

　　The reporters asked the president some questions. 記者們問(wèn)了總統(tǒng)一些問(wèn)題。

　　The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個(gè)工作。

　　He has been given a job. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))

　　(六)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：

　　The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。

　　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。

　　This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好。

　　(七)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

　　1、不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儧](méi)有賓語(yǔ)。

　　2、表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、裝下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等動(dòng)詞不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想讓多里斯來(lái)當(dāng)經(jīng)理.

　　We like everybody to say what they think. 我們喜歡讓人人都說(shuō)出他們的看法。

　　Do you wish me to stay? 你希望我留下嗎?

　　Will you help me (to) do the work? 你可以幫助我做干活嗎?

　　The war broke out in 1937. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)在1937年。

　　This car belongs to me. 這車是屬于我的。

　　He has a good job. 他有個(gè)好工作。(不說(shuō)A good job is had by him.)

　　They have a large house. 他們有所大房子。

　　I’ll have him come early. 我要讓他早來(lái)。