81. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

　　[參考譯文] 這樣一來(lái)總的結(jié)果便是業(yè)余愛好者想在專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)期刊…卜發(fā)表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評(píng)審?fù)扑]制度又進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這一結(jié)果，該種制度先是出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)的國(guó)家級(jí)刊物上，后又在20世紀(jì)被幾家地方級(jí)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物所使用。

　　82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

　　[參考譯文] 一個(gè)頗為相似的分化過(guò)程已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致專業(yè)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家走到一起組成一到兩個(gè)全國(guó)性的�？茖W(xué)術(shù)社團(tuán)，而業(yè)余地質(zhì)愛好者們傾向于要么仍留在地方社團(tuán)，要么也以另一種方式組成全國(guó)性機(jī)構(gòu)。

　　83. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　[參考譯文] 遺憾地講，這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計(jì)劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些十分低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn))交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么。

　　84. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.

　　[參考譯文] 我認(rèn)為巨大的并購(gòu)浪潮背后的最重要的推動(dòng)力同時(shí)也就是促成全球化進(jìn)程的那方基石：即降低交通運(yùn)輸成本，逐漸減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及大幅度拓展市場(chǎng)，這些都要求更大規(guī)模的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理以滿足消費(fèi)者需求。

　　85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."

　　[參考譯文] 一次側(cè)面的不光明磊落的攻擊傷害了我的自尊，阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)展，使我不得不拋棄了那份引人注目的工作，盡管表面上我還要以一個(gè)蒙受屈辱的政府部長(zhǎng)的姿態(tài)，通過(guò)聲稱"我只不過(guò)是想多和家人呆在一起" 來(lái)掩蓋我的退出。

　　86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　[參考譯文] 或許正像凱爾西在不堪積勞重負(fù)而公開地辭去她在《她》雜志社的編輯 一職之后一樣，我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種"為生活忙碌"的人生信條并轉(zhuǎn) 而追求比較悠閑的生活帶給你的回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位。

　　87. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ' 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

　　[參考譯文] 在美國(guó)，這一返樸趨勢(shì)是以經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落的反應(yīng)為開始的--那是在80年 代末期裁員而引起大量的失業(yè)之后一一現(xiàn)在依然與提倡節(jié)儉的政綱相關(guān)；而在英國(guó)，最起碼在我所熟識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)返樸歸隱者中，追求簡(jiǎn)約；生活的原因就多種多樣了。

　　88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the' 80s, down-shifting in the mid' 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.

　　[參考譯文] 對(duì)于我這一代曾在整個(gè)80年代為生活奔波的女人來(lái)說(shuō)，90年代中期出 現(xiàn)的歸隱恬退與其說(shuō)是我們尋求一種神話般的美好生活--用有機(jī)肥種植蔬菜，并且自己放棄一切的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)--不如說(shuō)是我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到自身；能力是有限的這一事實(shí)。

　　89. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it' 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman' s notorious bad taste in ties.

　　[參考譯文] 如果你是你講話對(duì)象中的一員，那么你就身處一種(有利)位置宋了解對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，而且你對(duì)餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評(píng)判也是合適的。

　　90. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands.

　　[參考譯文] 現(xiàn)在已有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行精確到毫米以下的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)——這要比極具技巧的醫(yī)生單單用手精確得多。

　　91. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least' a few decisions for them- selves-goals that pose a real challenge.

　　[參考譯文] 但是如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的下一個(gè)階段，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要能夠自己作出至少幾個(gè)決定--這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)引發(fā)真正的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　92. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.

　　[參考譯文] 但是人類的頭腦可以只迅速地瞟一眼一個(gè)快速改變的場(chǎng)面，然后立刻放棄98％的不相關(guān)部分，而馬上聚焦于一條崎嶇森林道路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。

　　93. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25---0.5% of GDP.

　　[參考譯文] OECD在其最近的《經(jīng)濟(jì)瞭望》中估計(jì)，如果石油價(jià)格與1998年的每 桶13美元相比在一年中平均為每22美元，這也只會(huì)給富裕的經(jīng)濟(jì)體的 石油進(jìn)口賬單上增加GDP的0．25％到0．5％。

　　94. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.

　　[參考譯文] 另外一個(gè)不應(yīng)因油價(jià)上漲而失眠的原因是，這次不像70年代的那些次上漲，它并不是在普遍的商品價(jià)格暴漲和全球需求過(guò)旺的背景之下發(fā)生的。

　　95. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　[參考譯文] 盡管它裁決并沒有憲法權(quán)利來(lái)支持醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為，最高法院實(shí)際上支持了被稱為"雙重效果"的醫(yī)療原則；這個(gè)已有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)歷史的道德原則認(rèn)為一個(gè)可能有兩個(gè)效果的行為--一個(gè)想要達(dá)到的好的效果和一個(gè)已經(jīng)預(yù)見到的有害的效果是被允許的，如果行為的實(shí)施者想要的 只是好的效果的話。

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