3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

　　make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

　　主語+動詞+賓語+補語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細的論述。請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.　(他在晚宴上的行為使主人很惱火。)

　　2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)

　　3)他剛才的一番話使瑪麗很傷心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)

　　4)老師對他作文的評價令他失望。　(The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)

　　5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所為使得他的朋友們對接受邀請猶豫不決。)

　　6)他的揮霍浪費使得他的父母不愿意再給他錢。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

　　4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

　　Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　這兩個都是表語從句和主句中的系動詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。請看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建議是我們應該把會議延期。)

　　2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.　(太陽能的一個優(yōu)點是用之不竭。)

　　3) 問題是你不在時誰照管孩子�！�(The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)

　　4) 看起來天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)

　　請注意辨析another 和other：

　　another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個”。

　　請看下面的例句：

　　1) This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one?　(這個主意不太實際，你能另想一個嗎?)

　　2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(這本書太難了，給我看另外一本。)

　　3) Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本書中，兩本是中國出版的，另一本是美國出版的。)

　　4) Tom is here， but where are the other boys?(湯姆在這兒，其他的男孩在哪兒呢?)

　　5) I like this coat better than the other one.(兩件上衣中，我更喜歡這一件。)

　　6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(這架照相機比另一架貴。)

　　boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

　　5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

　　此句中，that引導的名詞性從句作形容詞的補足語。例如：

　　1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.　(我擔心我兩小時內(nèi)寫不完這篇文章。)

　　2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.　(他擔心他不能給你一個明確的答復。)

　　3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔心自己犯了一個錯誤。)

　　4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.　(我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

　　對“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類結(jié)構(gòu)，語法家們有的認為that從句做賓語用，有的認為that從句做狀語用。根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來判斷也許比較方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個句子中的that從句起狀語作用，相當于“…because you failed the exam again.”

　　6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

　　在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：

　　1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

　　2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

　　3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學校今年的招生人數(shù)將是前年的三倍。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 我的英語口語還不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)

　　2) 這只手提箱還沒有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)

　　3) 這個房間是那個房間的兩倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.)

　　7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

　　suppose 常常做動詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認為”。例如：

　　1) Let's suppose it to be true.(讓我們假定這是真的。)

　　2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

　　3) I supposed him to be an honest man， but he often tells lies.　(我以為他很誠實，他卻經(jīng)常說謊。)

　　在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個連詞，意思是“假設(= if);假使…結(jié)果會怎么樣”。例如：

　　1) Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們怎么辦?)

　　2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?　(如果一只老虎從籠子中跑出來怎么辦?)

　　3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么問題會怎么樣?)

　　8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

　　it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個句型。例如：

　　1) 我騎自行車到學校要花半小時。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

　　2) 他花了兩個星期時間才看完那本書。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那個男孩花了3小時才寫完作業(yè)。)

　　2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(從南京乘火車到上海只要不到4小時。)

　　3) 他花了4天時間才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.)

　　4) 照顧一個生病的老人要花許多時間。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.

　　9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.

　　on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如：

　　1) On the average， they drove 70 miles an hour.(他們平均每小時行駛70英里。)

　　2) On the average， they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他們平均每天花20塊錢吃飯。)

　　a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾deeper，也表示程度，加強形容詞比較級，意思是“…多”。例如：

　　1) I feel a little cold.(我覺得有點冷。)

　　2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20塊多一點兒。)

　　3) I feel much better now.(我現(xiàn)在感覺好多了。)

　　4) She is much more careful this time.(她這一次細心多了。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 干了一天的工作，我覺得有點累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.)

　　2) 她對她的同學有點不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.)

　　3) 聽了那個消息他開心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.)

　　10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

　　本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過3000英里)。

　　measure 在句子中做動詞用，意思是“測量”，“有…深”。例如：

　　1) This room measures 10 metres across.(這個房間寬10米。)

　　2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(這座橋長17公里。)

　　3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(這只水箱只有2米深。)

　　11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

　　本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的最高級形式。因為這幾個詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，最高級的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對于大部分兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞，最高級的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.請看例句：

　　1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.(他想使每一個人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)

　　2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(這是我所見過的最強壯的馬。)

　　3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最細心的雇工。)

　　4) 黃山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)

　　5) 這條高速公路是中國最長的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )

　　6) 這本書是三本書中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)

　　rise 是一個不及物動詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如：

　　1) The sun rises in the east.(太陽在東方升起。)

　　2) Give the child some medicine， his temperature is rising.　　(給孩子服藥，他的體溫在升高。)

　　3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高聳入云。)

　　請注意區(qū)別以下動詞：

　　1) rise 不及物動詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))

　　The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

　　The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

　　An idea rises in my mind.

　　2) raise 及物動詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

　　If you have any questions， please raise your hands.

　　When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.

　　The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.

　　He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.

　　3) arise 不及物動詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

　　Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

　　New problems arise when old ones are solved.

　　His illness arose from malnutrition.

　　4) arouse 及物動詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)

　　The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

　　The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.

　　floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中，floor當然有其他的意思。如;

　　1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

　　2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.　(冬天時，木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)

　　3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

　　4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他決定用塑料磚鋪廚房地面。)

　　12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island

　　top 在句中做名詞用，意思是“頂部，山頂”。例如：

　　1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一個爬上山頂。)

　　2) When we stand on the top of the mountain， the whole city is in sight.(我們站在山頂時，整個城市盡收眼底)

　　請翻譯下面的句子，注意top的詞類和意思：

　　1) He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放聲高叫。)-n.

　　2) He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n.

　　3) He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子學生。)-adj.

　　4) This is the top news of the week.(這是本周的頭條新聞。)-adj.

　　5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父親是高級外交顧問。)-adj.

　　6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(媽媽準備在蛋糕上澆奶油。)-v.

　　7) He tops his father by half a head.(他比父親高出半個頭。)-v.

　　8) She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一條新裙子配她的上衣。)-n.

　　與top有關的詞組：

　　come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人頭地) from top to bottom(從上到下，徹底地) from top to toe(從頭到腳;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心滿意足)

　　13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

　　called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句，在其前省去了which is.

　　請看下面的例句：

　　1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.

　　(機會常常是第一次出現(xiàn)時沒有被人們注意到的東西。)

　　2) There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有許多是那小男孩能做。)

　　3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想與其討論這個問題的人。)

　　14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

　　days常常指“時期，時代”，有時也表示“一生;生命”。請看例句：

　　1) In his boyhood days， he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.(在他的童年時代，他常常和伙伴們一起游泳，釣魚。)

　　2) In the days of Queen Victoria， the British colony expanded rapidly.(在維多利亞女王時代，英國殖民地迅速擴張。)

　　3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了許多苦。)

　　crew是一個集合名詞，指“全體船員”，后面的謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復數(shù)，此句中謂語動詞用的是復數(shù)were，因為從句子中可以推斷出是許多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

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