首頁 考試吧論壇 Exam8視線 考試商城 網絡課程 模擬考試 考友錄 實用文檔 求職招聘 論文下載
2011中考 | 2011高考 | 2012考研 | 考研培訓 | 在職研 | 自學考試 | 成人高考 | 法律碩士 | MBA考試
MPA考試 | 中科院
四六級 | 職稱英語 | 商務英語 | 公共英語 | 托福 | 雅思 | 專四專八 | 口譯筆譯 | 博思 | GRE GMAT
新概念英語 | 成人英語三級 | 申碩英語 | 攻碩英語 | 職稱日語 | 日語學習 | 法語 | 德語 | 韓語
計算機等級考試 | 軟件水平考試 | 職稱計算機 | 微軟認證 | 思科認證 | Oracle認證 | Linux認證
華為認證 | Java認證
公務員 | 報關員 | 銀行從業(yè)資格 | 證券從業(yè)資格 | 期貨從業(yè)資格 | 司法考試 | 法律顧問 | 導游資格
報檢員 | 教師資格 | 社會工作者 | 外銷員 | 國際商務師 | 跟單員 | 單證員 | 物流師 | 價格鑒證師
人力資源 | 管理咨詢師考試 | 秘書資格 | 心理咨詢師考試 | 出版專業(yè)資格 | 廣告師職業(yè)水平
駕駛員 | 網絡編輯
衛(wèi)生資格 | 執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師 | 執(zhí)業(yè)藥師 | 執(zhí)業(yè)護士
會計從業(yè)資格考試會計證) | 經濟師 | 會計職稱 | 注冊會計師 | 審計師 | 注冊稅務師
注冊資產評估師 | 高級會計師 | ACCA | 統(tǒng)計師 | 精算師 | 理財規(guī)劃師 | 國際內審師
一級建造師 | 二級建造師 | 造價工程師 | 造價員 | 咨詢工程師 | 監(jiān)理工程師 | 安全工程師
質量工程師 | 物業(yè)管理師 | 招標師 | 結構工程師 | 建筑師 | 房地產估價師 | 土地估價師 | 巖土師
設備監(jiān)理師 | 房地產經紀人 | 投資項目管理師 | 土地登記代理人 | 環(huán)境影響評價師 | 環(huán)保工程師
城市規(guī)劃師 | 公路監(jiān)理師 | 公路造價師 | 安全評價師 | 電氣工程師 | 注冊測繪師 | 注冊計量師
繽紛校園 | 實用文檔 | 英語學習 | 作文大全 | 求職招聘 | 論文下載 | 訪談 | 游戲
考研_考試吧考研_首發(fā)2011考研成績查詢
考研網校 模擬考場 考研資訊 復習指導 歷年真題 模擬試題 經驗 考研查分 考研復試 考研調劑 論壇 短信提醒
考研英語| 資料 真題 模擬題  考研政治| 資料 真題 模擬題  考研數學| 資料 真題 模擬題  專業(yè)課| 資料 真題 模擬題  在職研究生
您現在的位置: 考試吧(Exam8.com) > 考研 > 考研資訊 > 考研動態(tài) > 正文

2008年文登學校春季詞匯班精彩文篇推薦(12)

2008年文登學校春季詞匯班精彩文篇推薦匯總

考研英語歷年真題命題規(guī)律與考點詳解

    Whose Bright Idea?

Companies are cracking down on pirates who steal designs, movies and computer programs. The battle is getting hotter — and more important.

(1) When Johnson & Johnson introduced a new fiber-glass casting tape for broken bones several years ago, executives at Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing flew into a rage. The tape, which sets fractures faster than plaster?, was remarkably similar in design and function to a casting tape developed by 3M scientists. The St. Paul-based company quickly sued, charging J&J with violating four of its patents. Last month a federal court backed 3M and ordered J&J to pay $116 million in damages and interest — the fourth largest pat-ent-infringement judgment in history.

(2) Although the verdict is subject to appeal, the award underscores the growing importance of protecting in-tellectual property. That phrase may seem entirely too grand to apply to a song like If You Don’t Want My Peaches, You’d Better Stop Shaking My Tree, but it actually embraces the whole vast range of creative ideas that turn out to have value — and many of them have more value than ever. From Walt Disney’s Mickey Mouse to Upjohn’s formula for its antibaldness potion?, patents, trademarks and copyrights have become corporate treas-ures that their owners will do almost anything to protect.

(3) In an economy increasingly based on information and technology, ideas and creativity often embody most of a company’s wealth. That is why innovations are being patented, trademarked and copyrighted in record numbers. It is also why today’s clever thief doesn’t rob banks, many of which are broke anyway; he makes un-authorized copies of Kevin Costner’s latest film, sells ______ Cartier watches and steals the formula for Merck’s newest pharmaceutical?. That’s where the money is.

(4) The battle is widening — U.S. companies filed more than 5,700 intellectual-property lawsuits last year in contrast to 3,800 in 1980 — and the stakes can be enormous. In the biggest patent-infringement case to date, Eastman Kodak was ordered last October to pay $900 million for infringing on seven Polaroid in-stant-photography patents. In a $100 million trademark suit, Mirage Studios, creator of the hugely popular Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters, is demanding that AT&T refrain from using such terms as turtle power and cowabunga in a 900-number telephone service for kids. In a far-reaching copyright case, book pub-lishers scored an important victory in March when a federal court in New York City fined the Kinko’s Graphics national chain of copying stores $510,000 for illegally photocopying and selling excerpts of books to college students.

(5) Yet thieves still reap a rich harvest. Inadequate protection of U.S. patents, trademarks and copyrights costs the U.S. economy $80 billion in sales lost to pirates and 250,000 jobs every year, according to Gary Hoffman, an intellectual-property attorney at Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin in Washington. The computer industry loses upwards of $4 billion of revenues a year to illegal copying of software programs. Piracy of movies, books and recordings costs the entertainment business at least $4 billion annually.

(6) With intellectual property now accounting for more than 25% of U.S. exports (compared with just 12% eight years ago), protection against international piracy ranks high on the Bush Administration’s trade agenda. The U.S. International Trade Commission, the federal agency that deals with unfair-trade complaints by Ameri-can companies, is handling a record number of cases (38 last year). Says ITC Chairman Anne Brunsdale: “Conceptual property has replaced produce and heavy machinery as the hotbed of global trade disputes.”

(7) One reason is that any countries offer only feeble protection to intellectual property. Realizing that such laxness will exclude them from much world trade as well as restrict native industries, nations everywhere are revising laws covering patents, copyrights and trade names. Malaysia, Egypt, China, Turkey, Brazil and even the Soviet Union have all recently announced plans either to enact new laws or reinforce existing safeguards. In an effort to win U.S. congressional support for a proposed free-trade pact, Mexico last month revealed plans to double the life of trademark licenses to 10 years and extend patent protection for the first time to such products as pharmaceuticals and food.

(8) Countries that don’t get with the program are asking for trouble. The Bush Administration in April placed India and Thailand on the commerce Department watch list for possible revenge because of those countries’ casual treatment of property rights. In Thailand, cited as the most notorious violator, copycat versions of Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet software sell for the equivalent of $50 instead of the $500 U.S. price. New movies like David Lynch’s Wild at Heart, not yet available on video in the U.S., go for $4 a tape.

(9) As intellectual property becomes more valuable and secure, people naturally create more of it. Evidence: filings for patents, trademarks and copyrights are hitting record highs. Last year some 174,700 patents were filed in the U.S., a 39% jump over 1985. The number of copyrights registered soared to 643,000 last year, in contrast to 401,000 in a five-year period ending in 1975. Overseas filings are also up. In Japan the number of patent applications nearly doubled between 1980 and 1988 as that government signaled its intention to enforce property laws more strictly. After a 29-year delay, Texas Instruments recently received a basic patent on inte-grated circuits in Japan that could bring the U.S. company an extra $500 million in annual revenues from Japa-nese chipmakers.

(10) Can intellectual-property protection be too rigourous? Maybe. The computer software industry, which thrives on the rapid exchange of ideas and continuous improvements, fears that vigorously enforced patents could chill innovation and stifle growth. Earlier this year, Hayes Microcomputer, the largest supplier of com-puter modems, won $11 million in damages from three Silicon Valley firms that copied Hayes’ software for sending and receiving data. The ruling alarmed programmers, who fear their own software could land them in court if it merely resembles someone else’s too closely. The industry also worries about the breadth of coverage. Can copyrights and patents be used to protect the display-screen appearance, the “l(fā)ook and feel” of software? Such questions are at the heart of Apple Computer’s intently watched copyright suit against Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard, which Apple says copied its Macintosh software.

(11) Time was when such fights over intellectual property were legal esoterica?. No longer. Get used to them because they are sure to command ever more attention. Says Lisa Raines, general counsel and director of the Industrial Biotechnology Association in Washington: “ A patent is the single most important item in the industry today. Without it, no company would invest or invent.” As global enterprise relies less on physical materials and more on human creativity, reliable protection of intellectual property will become central to world commerce.

名師指點:2008考研英語復習完美攻略

研究生入學考試歷年真題匯總表

2000
專業(yè)課
北京大學 復旦大學 廈門大學 中國政法大學 點擊察看更多>>

更多試題請訪問:考試吧考研欄目

1 2 3 下一頁
文章搜索
任汝芬老師
在線名師:任汝芬老師
   著名政治教育專家;研究生、博士生導師;中國國家人事人才培...[詳細]
考研欄目導航
版權聲明:如果考研網所轉載內容不慎侵犯了您的權益,請與我們聯系800@exam8.com,我們將會及時處理。如轉載本考研網內容,請注明出處。