4.2 備忘錄/告示類應(yīng)用文寫作(Memorandum/Notice)

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　TO:

　　FROM:

　　SUBJECT:

　　DATE:(month day,year)

　　正文

　　簽名

　　模擬題及范文：

　　Directions:

　　You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available。

　　Date: August 10,2005

　　To: All students

　　From: Li Ming

　　4.3 摘要寫作(Abstract)

　　This article focuses on the …。

　　This thesis discuss/analyzes…。

　　This paper provides an overview of …

　　This paper presents up-to-date information on …

　　1、簡單概括

　　2、描寫畫面內(nèi)容，兩句話描寫一幅圖。

　　3、點明中心：重點又是新起點。

　　This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ,the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player, who was ready to shoot, thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes, the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously, the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 (in different angles)

　　簡單概括

　　描寫畫面內(nèi)容，每幅圖分開描述，并遞進關(guān)系。

　　點明中心，從不同視角看待同一問題。

　　2. 現(xiàn)象簡介

　　Today , advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs ---- news, weather forecasts and quiz shows, etc. ---- but even interrupt dramas and movies ,2 and annoy the viewers.3

　　1、概括介紹

　　2、細(xì)節(jié)介紹：怎么個多法兒---是節(jié)目前后和中間都有

　　3、帶來的后果就是激怒觀眾。

　　3.寓意象征

　　What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ,the love is just like the light in the picture ,which seems insignificant in the sun ,but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ,the darker the place is ,the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4

　　簡要評價

　　對畫面的簡單描述。(結(jié)合love對畫面進行分析)

　　寓意說明，符合題目要求

　　結(jié)論：燈光在越微弱的地方越明亮，愛心在越需要的地方越有價值

　　Species’extinction in America. Facing the figures, we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3

　　※1、總括介紹了圖畫內(nèi)容(運用對比，強調(diào)后者)

　　※2、特別好的過渡方式：不是描述勝過描述

　　※3、結(jié)論：如果不足以重視，結(jié)果不堪設(shè)想

　　4、原因分析

　　(As far as I am concerned, there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon。)1 First and foremost, the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination(傳播)information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy, manufacturers and sales people(salespersons)need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore, TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least, it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of (the)products that they may choose from。(原文的過渡出現(xiàn)在下一段)

　　※1、闡述中心，或者引導(dǎo)本段。

　　※2、例舉原因

　　※3、對已經(jīng)提出原因的拓展

　　However, the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease, 1 According to the given figures, the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore, governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3

　　※1、闡述中心

　　※2、列舉原因，this 作過渡詞

　　※3、如果減少吸煙人群，可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果(注意命題的積極傾向，展望未來式很合命題者口味)

　　5、利弊分析

　　In the country, on the other hand, one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food, and a more relaxed(relaxing)life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and, as for recreation, what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery? 2 However, there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted, and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country, on the other hand, the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4

　　※1、列舉鄉(xiāng)村居住的優(yōu)勢

　　※2、對優(yōu)勢的拓展說明

　　※3、過渡說明：劣勢開始

　　※4、列舉無論城鄉(xiāng)居住皆有劣勢

　　6、舉例說明

　　It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon, but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers, many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact, many of these businesses claim in the same way that(比較)the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4

　　※1、過渡：第一段說到可笑，下面就談不可笑——連接

　　※2、例子：商場、政府的承諾行為

　　※3、拓展：深化承諾行為的細(xì)節(jié)

　　※4、結(jié)論：同母雞下蛋的承諾一樣虛無沒有價值

　　※表示性質(zhì)，代替adj.=of +n。(小作文高分必殺)

　　e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm

　　The following examples will support this point.1 In schools, a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit, but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field, what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize (review and summarizing). It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground。(句號結(jié)束)although in front of the end there isn’t a real start---arrowhead, there surely exists an invisible one sprouting(appearing)in every athlete’s mind, blooming(being)the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3

　　※1、承上啟下

　　※2、舉例論證

　　※3、舉例的同時說明結(jié)論：終點又是新起點，正是這種心態(tài)成為下次比賽成功的技巧或策略。

　　7、判斷評論

　　It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do, not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking, it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people, but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3

　　※1、既點名了本段主題：談承諾，又是一個定義，起承上啟下作用。

　　※2、自己的建議。

　　※3、再次強調(diào)“承諾”這一社會現(xiàn)象。

　　8、問題建議

　　Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts, but also by people in all walks(職業(yè)、行業(yè)) of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus, it’s high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted(共同努力的，同心協(xié)力的，conert得來)efforts to put an end to this situation.2(家長，老師和政府應(yīng)該怎么做)

　　※1、引出本段主題，兒童教育的現(xiàn)狀，用婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式表達。

　　※2、本段結(jié)論：三方行動

　　In our life, what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore, we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible(frightening)as expected, and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3

　　※1、從自己角度提出意見

　　※2、具體行動的方法

　　※3、only 表示強調(diào)，以及建議的價值。

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