第 1 頁:段落一、描述圖畫 |
第 2 頁:段落二、闡述寓意 |
從考研英語的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成來分析:占分比例相對(duì)高,而分?jǐn)?shù)亦容易把握的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該是考研寫作
在迎接考研英語的準(zhǔn)備和復(fù)習(xí)中,什么是廣大考生尚可提升和仰賴的內(nèi)容呢?從考研英語的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成來分析,我們不難得出一個(gè)結(jié)論:占分比例相對(duì)高,而分?jǐn)?shù)亦容易把握的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該是考研英語寫作。然而對(duì)于大多考生而言,寫作是一項(xiàng)久經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)但卻難于覓得捷徑的任務(wù)。
經(jīng)過對(duì)考研寫作的命題要求和歷年大綱范文的分析,我們不難看出,考研命題側(cè)重的是對(duì)于考生若干寫作技能的考察和評(píng)估,因而如何按照一定的格式完成考研作文是取得高分的重中之重,而最佳的寫作格式則應(yīng)來自于歷年大綱范文提供的寫作思路和框架。
究竟上佳的寫作格式是什么?我們根據(jù)考研寫作的命題要求先將作文劃分為三個(gè)段落,即描述圖畫(Describe the picture),闡述寓意(Interpret its intended meaning)和發(fā)表評(píng)論(Give your comments);之后我們?cè)賮砀鶕?jù)范文分別設(shè)計(jì)其中的功能性語句。根據(jù)歷年大綱范文,我們不難從其中得出如下寫作框架,然后再以2009年為例逐條進(jìn)行分析解釋:
段落一:描述圖畫(2 Sentences) | Sentence 1描述圖畫; Sentence 2闡述寓意; |
段落二:闡述寓意(Up to 8 Sentences) | Sentence 3,4闡述論點(diǎn)(時(shí)代背景+提出論點(diǎn)); Sentence 5,6分析論證(原因解釋+論點(diǎn)重述); Sentence 7舉例論證(Up to 2 Sentences); Sentence 8,9分析論證(反面論證+反面重述); |
段落三:發(fā)表評(píng)論(3 Sentences) | Sentence 10發(fā)表評(píng)論; Sentence 11提出建議; Sentence 12表明期待 |
段落一、描述圖畫:
Sentence 1(描述圖畫):
描述圖畫一段中最為重要的亦是全文最關(guān)鍵的語句就是描述圖畫,我們不妨將描述圖畫這一句的核心內(nèi)容首先從圖中找出,核心內(nèi)容應(yīng)該涵蓋如下內(nèi)容:①描述事物的名詞;②描述事物狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞;③描述事物位置的介詞短語;④描述事物的形容詞;⑤描述事物特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞;⑥修飾動(dòng)詞內(nèi)容;⑦概括圖畫的名詞。
其中②處可以使用的動(dòng)詞主要以表存在的不及物動(dòng)詞為主,如:stand, stay, sit, run, lie, hang, float, crouch, appear等。其中⑤處可以使用的動(dòng)詞主要以與事物直接相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞為主,如lamp與glow(2001),flower與bloom(2003),goalkeeper與guard(2007)等;但如果事物較為抽象或難于有具體動(dòng)作,如a traditional Chinese costume(2002),the name of Beckham(2006)等,則可使用如show,imply,indicate等表示意味的動(dòng)詞來拓展內(nèi)容。
以2009年為例,我們首先從2009年圖畫中找出如下詞匯:①net; ②lie; ③in the picture; ④complex; ⑤connect computers; ⑥from all directions; ⑦Internet。由此我們重新組合找出的詞匯并調(diào)整其順序,即可設(shè)計(jì)出如下的句式:
In the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions.
之后我們?cè)贋榫涫皆O(shè)計(jì)輔助內(nèi)容,用以豐富句子內(nèi)容,其方式亦來自于大綱范文:
As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions, a sight that brings about insights into the topic of Internet among people, especially those who are confronted with it.
句中標(biāo)注下劃線的內(nèi)容皆為輔助內(nèi)容,均可以類似內(nèi)容替換。如句首可替換為As we can see from the picture, 句尾可替換為a sight that gives thoughts to the topic of Internet among people, especially those who are concerned about it等。
如上設(shè)計(jì)出的句式已然可以滿足考研寫作的苛刻要求,然而我們還可以在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步拓展該句式,拓展方式則是從圖畫中找出另一個(gè)描述事物的名詞,再以相同方式寫作另一部分,進(jìn)而將兩部分內(nèi)容組合起來。由此我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)如下結(jié)構(gòu):in correspondence to/contrast to/accordance with the ① scene that ④ ③ ②, ⑤ ⑥。
其中①處為修飾場(chǎng)景的形容詞,主要以surprising, interesting, touching, confusing, thought-provoking等詞為主;其中②-⑥的選詞與上一部分的方式一致,而寫作句式的結(jié)構(gòu)也一致,從而詞匯范圍有重合,也或多或少省去了些選詞上的困擾。如2009年我們選出的詞分別為②a person; ③sit; ④against every computer in the net; ⑤surf the Internet; ⑥alone。
參考例句:As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the picture lies a net, a remarkably complex one, connecting computers from all directions, in correspondence to the interesting scene that against every computer in the net sits a person, surfing the Internet alone, a sight that brings about insights into the topic of internet among people, especially those who are confronted with it.
Sentence 2(概括寓意):
首段在描述圖畫之外的句子則只需對(duì)于圖畫的寓意(話題)做簡(jiǎn)要概括即可,因而在句式上也并沒有太多要求,而概括圖畫的寓意的內(nèi)容用詞主要如下:phenomenon, problem, trend, fashion, issue, a matter of fact, a matter of concern等。而輔助內(nèi)容則如下:
The picture aims at revealing a ① phenomenon: ②.
The notion conveyed in the picture is that ② is a ① phenomenon.
其中①為對(duì)于概括詞的修飾成分,多為如common, popular, severe, significant等詞;②則為對(duì)于寓意的簡(jiǎn)要概括。
參考例句:The picture aims at revealing a common and far-reaching issue: how Internet may change people‘s lives.
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