沖刺必看：2010年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀六大題型解題技巧

　　細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題

　　這是考研閱讀考試中的重點(diǎn)題型，每年大概都有近一半的題目。主要考查的是對(duì)于文章具體細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的了解和判斷，以及將文章內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng)本身進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析的能力。因此，這個(gè)題型最能體現(xiàn)句子解析能力，同時(shí)我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)做這個(gè)題的時(shí)候，詞匯固然重要，但從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握句子，有的時(shí)候能事半功倍，不完全認(rèn)識(shí)詞匯也能把題解決。

　　(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory

　　[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。

　　[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。

　　[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。

　　[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。

　　This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。

　　這是完全開放的細(xì)節(jié)題，只能以選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一個(gè)一個(gè)的查找。A選項(xiàng)比較沒有特色，我們先看B，里面的兩個(gè)詞intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?cè)谖闹惺窃�詞再現(xiàn)的。對(duì)比一下，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，選項(xiàng)是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是more的后面cognitive，而選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是rather than的前面intuitive，明顯是不同的。

　　再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，選項(xiàng)是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是rather than的前面genetic,這與原文相反，排除。

　　再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 選項(xiàng)是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三個(gè)內(nèi)容，而選項(xiàng)中只有后兩者，信息明顯缺失，排除。

　　再看A，定位到文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode與選項(xiàng)中的process是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，答案為A。

　　推理判斷題

　　本題型考查的是在細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理的能力，要求指出作者想說(shuō)而實(shí)際未明確說(shuō)出的話。常在題干中出infer, imply, suggest, indicate, learn等詞。重點(diǎn)就在于要根據(jù)作者的思路來(lái)進(jìn)行推理，而不要主觀套上個(gè)人自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和想象。同時(shí)要注意范圍，基本的做法和細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)差不多，也是定位后進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。同時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)包含一定的模糊詞匯選項(xiàng)往往是正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)橥评淼倪^(guò)程是一個(gè)從已知到未知的過(guò)程，常常會(huì)留有一定的余地。

　　(07-03-33)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

　　[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks。

　　[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges。

　　[C] financial problems may bring about political problems。

　　[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status。

　　(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。

　　直接定位到最后一段。首先觀察選項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)A，B，C三個(gè)都有模糊詞匯tend to, may, may是我們重點(diǎn)看的對(duì)象，再者可以發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都極為有規(guī)律，都是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，而且A和C的主語(yǔ)一致，都是經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政問(wèn)題，B為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，三者的賓語(yǔ)也一致，都是政治問(wèn)題，因此我們以政治問(wèn)題進(jìn)行定位，回到最后一段，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有最后一句才提到政治問(wèn)題。因此，我們從一整段的定位縮到一句話。

　　考察一下最后一句，發(fā)現(xiàn)主干的意思就是“政治的fallout開始了，而經(jīng)濟(jì)的fallout也不遠(yuǎn)了”，fallout是難詞，跳過(guò)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在討論經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治的關(guān)系，直接把B排除，與這句無(wú)關(guān)。

　　再看A和C，兩者的區(qū)別是兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，outweigh, bring about�？吹阶詈笠痪涞慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，A開始了，而B也不遠(yuǎn)，明顯這是我們?cè)诩?xì)節(jié)題中提到的因果關(guān)系的一種引申�？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)中因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)多種多樣，這也是其中的一種，因此我們可以認(rèn)為政治的某個(gè)東西與經(jīng)濟(jì)的某個(gè)東西兩者間是因果的關(guān)系，再看選項(xiàng)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A和C中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，outweigh是超過(guò)的意思，排除，bring about意為帶來(lái)，是一種因果關(guān)系，與原句契合，再看一下D，發(fā)現(xiàn)它毫不相關(guān)，因此答案為C。