第二、大廈的框架——分析出題思路，把握做題技巧
最能反映出題者思維的復(fù)習(xí)材料只有真題。無(wú)論從難度到出題思路，歷年的真題的質(zhì)量都非常高。許多考生在沒(méi)有把真題徹底吃透的情況下花了大量的時(shí)間和精力去做許多模擬試卷。這種復(fù)習(xí)方法不僅耗時(shí)耗力，事倍功半，而且甚至?xí)驗(yàn)槟M題的仿真程度不好，導(dǎo)致自己的做題思路發(fā)生偏差。因此，建議同學(xué)們不要玩題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，應(yīng)該搞懂真題題目和基本的出題思路。目前市面上的模擬題從嚴(yán)格意義上講沒(méi)有一本是接近真題的，大量做模擬題只起到安慰劑的作用，但是模擬題又不能不做，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間反復(fù)做真題，會(huì)失去對(duì)第一次拿到新題的新鮮感。故此，做題的總體思路是90%真題，10%模擬題。
考研的成敗不僅與實(shí)力相關(guān)，也與技巧密不可分。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)什么技巧，但考試卻有，考研也不例外。技巧可以從三個(gè)層面來(lái)講：
第一個(gè)層面是，做閱讀時(shí)，到底是應(yīng)該先讀問(wèn)題還是先讀文章，不同的人有不同的答案。我們認(rèn)為，到底采用什么樣的順序，和每個(gè)人的水平有關(guān)。對(duì)于閱讀能力很高的人來(lái)說(shuō)，先讀文章比較好。讀完了文章，對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容有了基本的理解和記住了幾乎全部的內(nèi)容，再去做題，就會(huì)比較有把握了。而事實(shí)上對(duì)于廣大考生老說(shuō)，多數(shù)人對(duì)文章不能做到基本理解，或者雖然表面文字看懂了，但是做題時(shí)大腦一片空白，有效信息掌握薄弱。鑒于此，我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該先讀問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞去讀文章。這樣做的好處在于：首先，讀完問(wèn)題，通過(guò)題目中的大寫(xiě)字母、數(shù)字、標(biāo)志性內(nèi)容詞等會(huì)對(duì)文章所涉及的內(nèi)容有個(gè)大概的了解；然后帶著問(wèn)題有針對(duì)性地去讀文章，有的放矢。
第二個(gè)層面是，讀文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該采用什么樣的閱讀方式�；谠囶}研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在讀文章的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該把握重點(diǎn)：對(duì)于文章來(lái)講，首段，各段首句，末句是重點(diǎn)；對(duì)于句子來(lái)講，轉(zhuǎn)折句，因果句，長(zhǎng)難句、比較句，和“絕對(duì)話意義”的句子往往是出題的方向。當(dāng)讀完一篇文章，要問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：文章主要圍繞什么問(wèn)題闡述？作者對(duì)文章的態(tài)度大體方向是什么？讀懂文章雖然不是做題正確的核心，但的確是做題正確的前提。
第三個(gè)層面是：以什么樣的思路去應(yīng)付考題。從閱讀材料后面所提的問(wèn)題來(lái)看，主要?dú)w類以下幾個(gè)大的方面的問(wèn)題：主旨題，推理題，細(xì)節(jié)題，例證題、態(tài)度題，舉例題，猜詞題。但是每個(gè)大題型又可以繼續(xù)細(xì)分�？忌鷳�(yīng)該對(duì)這些題型的正解特征加以歸納總結(jié)。例如：考研英語(yǔ)中涉及到多次的主要原因題，其題目特征是：
The passage (author)…………….mainly because____?
Which of the following is chiefly responsible for……..?
………………………is largely due to________?
What is the main reason for ________?
由上述真題題目我們可以看出，題目特征相當(dāng)明顯，都出現(xiàn)了表示“主要的”標(biāo)識(shí)詞。那么題目特征會(huì)引發(fā)我們?cè)趺礃拥乃伎寄�？既然是主要原因，就表明在原文中原因的闡述是不唯一的，至少原因兩個(gè)以上才具備出主要原因題的前提，同時(shí)在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，可能會(huì)有若干個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是正確的原因，但正確答案是挑選出最重要的一個(gè)原因；那么什么樣的原因才是主要原因呢？我們可以從原文對(duì)應(yīng)句中找到規(guī)律：我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，主要原因題正確選項(xiàng)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)句往往含有如下標(biāo)識(shí)詞：比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、above all等，我們一起看一下歷年的例題：
1.The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________. (96年passage2第4題)
A. The emergence of commercial TV channel
B. The enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
C. The urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
D. The challenge of new satellite channels
原文：Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—I TV and Channel 4---were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels---funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions---which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term
2. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______. (96年passage4第1題)
A. elementary schoolsB. enthusiastic workers
C. the attractive premium systemD. a special way of thinking
原文：Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
3. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? (00年passage4第2題)
A. Women’s participation in social activities is limited.
B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.
D. The lifestyle has been influenced by western values.
原文： But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle.
4. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _______. (03年passage3第5題)
A. The continuing acquisition.
B. The growing traffic.
C. The cheering Wall Street.
D. The shrinking market.
原文：many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billons to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.
5. Female capuchin moneys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _____. (05年passage1第3題)
A. More inclined to weigh what they get.
B. Attentive to researchers’ instructions.
C. Nice in both appearance and temperament
D. More generous than their male companions.
原文：the researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative, creatures, and they share food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
上述例題均很好的印證了這類題的做題規(guī)律，而且長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年這一規(guī)律都沒(méi)有發(fā)生任何變化�？忌鷤�?cè)陂喿x復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中要注意題目的橫向聯(lián)系，不僅要按篇章來(lái)閱讀，還有把歷年的同一類型考題放到一起進(jìn)行總結(jié)，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)做題技巧和規(guī)律，這樣才能更好地保證復(fù)習(xí)的效率。
