2008年Text 1
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "It's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在原文的前面兩段，這兩段主要描寫(xiě)男女因?yàn)樯砩系牟町悾钥赡茉谙嗤那闆r下，女性可能更容易在壓力下產(chǎn)生焦慮和沮喪。第一段首先提出了主要話題"Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men"(比起男人，婦女在壓力下更加容易受到由于抑郁和焦慮而引起的精神紊亂)，而第二段進(jìn)而開(kāi)始分析原因，"Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions"(有關(guān)人類和動(dòng)物的研究都表明性激素在某種程度上會(huì)影響對(duì)于壓力的反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致承受壓力的雌性動(dòng)物和女性人類相比雄性動(dòng)物和男性人類而言，在同等條件下更加容易產(chǎn)生引發(fā)以上病癥的化學(xué)物質(zhì))，由此可見(jiàn)這種差異主要來(lái)自于男女在生理上的差異，因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不符合文意，B項(xiàng)所指的女性遭受壓力多來(lái)自男性偏離文章線索。C項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的女性相比男性更有處理壓力的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是斷章取義 。D選項(xiàng)只是單純描述男女之間在面對(duì)壓力的差異，與中心偏離
[題目譯文]
下面的哪一項(xiàng)符合文章的前兩段?
[A] 婦女在生理上更容易受到壓力的影響。
[B] 婦女仍然比男人受到更多壓力的折磨
[C] 婦女比男人在應(yīng)付壓力方面更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
[D] 男人和女人在面對(duì)壓力的時(shí)候顯出了不同的傾向。
23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be
[A] domestic and temporary.
[B] irregular and violent.
[C] durable and frequent.
[D] trivial and random.
[答案] C
[解題思路]
文章第四段談到"I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature"(我認(rèn)為婦女平時(shí)要做的事情都是那些慣常的、重復(fù)的瑣事)，相反，"Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence"(男人則去打仗，他們面臨的是格斗的壓力。因而男人更多的是面對(duì)那種隨機(jī)性的身體接觸上的暴力行為)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以進(jìn)行一一排除。A選項(xiàng)的temporary與原文的chronic矛盾，可以排除。B選項(xiàng)是男人面對(duì)的壓力的特點(diǎn)，因此也可以排除。D選項(xiàng)的random與原文的repeated矛盾，因此也可以排除。而C選項(xiàng)符合原文"chronic or repeated"的意思。
[題目譯文]
根據(jù)文章第四段，女人們面對(duì)的壓力往往是
[A] 關(guān)于家庭的和暫時(shí)的
[B] 不規(guī)律的和暴力的
[C] 持久的和頻繁的
[D] 瑣碎的和隨機(jī)的
24. The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck."(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.
[B] Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses.
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題應(yīng)該把引文放到原文中去理解。題干中引文所在的這一段主要講述了Alvarez作為單身母親的不易，文中前面一句話是""It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt."(最困難的事情就是我要同時(shí)帶一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子、工作、付房租、付養(yǎng)車的開(kāi)銷、還要還債)，說(shuō)明她的生存壓力非常大，只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。這句話的意思是"我的生活就是付掉一張賬單再付下一張"。
[題目譯文]
"I lived from paycheck to paycheck"(第五段第六行)這個(gè)句子說(shuō)明
[A] Alvarez除了錢其它什么都不在乎。
[B] Alvarez的工資幾乎不夠支付她的家庭支出
[C] Alvarez從多份的工作中賺錢
[D] Alvarez一般都用支票來(lái)付賬
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