考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇【信息技術類】

考研英語閱讀理解精讀100篇unit42
Unit 42
In a ditty for the stage, W.S. Gilbert once gave warning that "Things are seldom what they seem/Skim milk masquerades as cream." If appearances were tricky in 1878, they have just become trickier still. By doubling the resolution of existing liquid-crystal displays (LCDS), IBM has created a monitor which, when viewed from 18 inches away or farther, shows images that the human eye finds indistinguishable from the real thing.
 
The T220, as it is called, measures 22 inches across the diagonal, and displays 9.2m picture elements ("pixels"). That gives it a resolution of 200 pixels per inch, twice the previous state of the art. This achievement has come as a result of gradual improvements in optics, liquid-crystal chemistry and microelectronics made by IBM groups in Yamato, Japan, and Yorktown Heights, New York.
 
LCDs work by sandwiching a thin sheet of liquid crystals-in this case, thin-film transistors-between two narrowly separated panes of glass. Typically, small glass spheres have held the two panes of glass apart, impairing by refraction the performance of the display. IBM has replaced the spheres with small posts, which are located in the interstices between pixels, and so do not disturb the light as it leaves the excited liquid crystal. In the past, attempts to achieve such high pixel rates have been stymied by the build-up of electrical static, which caused problems with the brightness of the screens. The IBM groups have solved this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build up of static electricity.
 
At a current retail price of $22,000, the T220 is hardly going to be flying off the shelves. But it will be ideal for hospitals. Historically, radiology has been a driving force behind the development of high-resolution screens. And the T220's price tag will go almost unnoticed when attached to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerised tomography) scanning machines. Until now, no monitor has been able to display the 5m pixels of data that a typical CT-scanning machine produces. The ability to reproduce the data with perfect fidelity should help radiologists make more accurate diagnoses from the computer screen.
 
According to Bob Artemenko, director of marketing and strategy for IBM'S business display unit, the new screen could also help petroleum engineers to speed up their analysis of where to drill from one month to one day. Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided design) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster-because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises. RAM'S idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, eliminating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.
 
With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs. How long before the T22o starts showing up in high-end laptops? Judging from previous experience, it could happen sooner than most people think
 
注（1）：本文選自Economist; 9/22/2001, p7, 2p, 1c；
注（2）：本文習題命題模仿對象2004年Text 1；
 
1.       How does the author introduce the topic?
 
[A]Posing a contrast.
[B]Justifying an assumption.
[C]Making a comparison.
[D]Explaining a phenomenon.
 
2.       Which of the following is not the advantage of the T220?
 
[A]Reasonable price.
[B]Time-saving.
[C]Cost-saving.
[D]High fidelity.
 
3.       The expression “stymied”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.
 
[A]limited
[B]controlled
[C]improved
[D]hindered
 
4.       Why does the hospital ignore the price tag of T220?
 
[A]T220 creates a driving force for the medical staff.
[B]T220 guarantees a more accurate diagnosis.
[C]CT-scanning machine fails to produce such high fidelity images.
[D]T220 owns the ability to reproduce data with perfect fidelity.
 
5.       What is the current problem IBM facing?
 
[A]Achieving high resolution.
[B]Pursuing more applications.
[C]Lowering the price.
[D]Reducing the size of the screen.
 
答案：CADBC
 
篇章剖析
本文是一篇說明文，詳細介紹了清晰度比以前的屏幕高一倍的新型液晶顯示器所顯示的影像看起來與真實物品幾乎難分真假。第一段以比較的手法引出本文的論點：T220顯示的影像看起來與真實物品幾乎難分真假，“眼見不為實”；第二段指出T220的性能優(yōu)勢以及它是由誰研究開發(fā)的；第三段指出T220的運做原理；第四段指出T220是醫(yī)院的理想選擇；第五段指出這種新型顯示器的應用；最后一段指出T220的發(fā)展前景。
 
詞匯注釋
sharpness [] n. 清晰度
indistinguishable [] adj. 不能區(qū)別的，難區(qū)分的; 不易覺察的
ditty [] n. 小曲；小調(diào)；短歌
skim milk n. 脫脂奶，脫脂乳
tricky ] adj. 難處理的；棘手的；微妙的；奸詐的；狡猾的
pixel []＝picture element n. 像素
tomography [i] n. (=laminography)X線體層照相術, X線斷層照相術
the state-of-the-art技術發(fā)展水平，科技發(fā)展水平，工藝發(fā)展水平
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) n. 液晶顯示器
sandwich vt. 夾在中間；擠入；把...做成三明治；擠出時間做某事
liquid-crystal sheet n. 液晶膜(層)
Thin-Film Transistors (TFT) 薄膜晶體管
impair [] vt. 損害, 傷害；減少(量、價值、力等)
refraction [] n. 折光, 折射；折射作用, 折射度；折光差[度]
interstice [] n. 間隙, 空隙, 小縫
stymy v. 從中作亂, 完全妨礙
fly off v. (輪子等)飛脫，飛出；飛速(或突然)離去; 逃脫，跑掉
unnoticed [] adj. 未被注意的; 未被顧及的; 不觸目的, 不引人注意的
CT (Computerized Tomography) 計算機X射線斷層造影術［電腦斷層攝影法］
 
難句突破
1．Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided design) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster-because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises.
主體句式：the higher fidelity will allow CAD systems to work faster …
結構分析：本句要認清過去分詞“revealed”做后置定語來修飾“the detail”;詞組“cut out”的意思是“切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止”的意思；“costly”的詞性是形容詞。
句子譯文：同樣，較高的保真度也將使CAD(電腦輔助設計)系統(tǒng)——特別是汽車和航天工業(yè)——工作得更快，因為新熒屏顯示的細節(jié)可省去昂貴的原型擬造程序。
2．RAM'S idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, eliminating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.
主體句式：RAM'S idea is that …
結構分析：本句是一個賓語從句。注意在賓語從句里，謂語動詞“allow”的用法是“allow sb. to do sth”；現(xiàn)在分詞“eliminating”做伴隨狀語。
句子譯文：有關內(nèi)存（RAM）的概念是新顯示器將使各種設計師免除許多昂貴費時的中間環(huán)節(jié)，直接從計算機圖像過渡到最終產(chǎn)品形象。
 
題目分析
1．答案為C，屬事實細節(jié)題。如同舞臺小曲中W•S•吉爾伯特警示的那樣：“如同脫脂乳看似奶油而實質(zhì)不同，事物很少表里一致。”，現(xiàn)在的液晶顯示器所顯示的影像看起來與真實物品幾乎難分真假。作者是通過比較來引入話題的。
2. 答案為A，屬事實細節(jié)題。我們從文章中可知道T220售價是$22,000，常識告訴我們價格真是不便宜；句子“And the T220's price tag will go almost unnoticed when attached to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerised tomography) scanning machines.”也暗示T220售價不菲；句子“With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs.”的意思是“由于常規(guī)的15英寸液晶顯示器目前的價格在$500以下，所以，人們預計IBM會將其工程重點從追求高分辨率轉移到降低成本上�！保�這句話也暗示了T220高昂的價格。
3. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。我們從句子“The IBM groups have solved this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build up of static electricity.”可以看出，IBM科研小組用激光來回掃描玻璃片解決這個難題，成功防止了靜電聚積。那么在過去，靜電聚積是困饒科學家們的一個難題，限制了他們達到更高的像素率。由此可猜出詞義。
4. 答案為B，屬事實細節(jié)題。原文對應信息是“Until now, no monitor has been able to display the 5m pixels of data that a typical CT-scanning machine produces. The ability to reproduce the data with perfect fidelity should help radiologists make more accurate diagnoses from the computer screen.” T220所具有的性能能幫助做出更為精確的診斷是人們忽視它的高昂的價格的根本原因。
5. 答案為C，屬事實細節(jié)題。原文對應信息是“With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift its engineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs.”。
 
參考譯文
在一首舞臺小曲中，W•S•吉爾伯特曾警告說：“如同脫脂乳看似奶油而實質(zhì)不同，事物很少表里一致�！比绻�事物的外表在1878 年就能障人耳目，那現(xiàn)在就愈加錯綜復雜、令人真實難辨了。IBM制造的顯示器將現(xiàn)有液晶顯示屏(LCDS)的分辨率提高了一倍。若從18 英寸或更遠的距離觀看，這種顯示器所顯示的圖像與實物之間的差別用肉眼是很難區(qū)分的。
 
T220(人們都這樣叫)的對角線為22英寸，所顯示的象素為920萬。這使其分辨率達到每英寸200 象素, 比原先的技術發(fā)展水平高出一倍。這些成就是IBM公司設在日本大和雅馬拓公司和美國紐約約克敦海茨科研小組在光學、液晶化學和微電子學領域逐步取得科技進步的結果。
 
液晶顯示器(LCDs)的工作原理是在二塊緊密貼合、似分非分的玻璃片之間夾一層很薄的液晶膜(在液晶顯示器中是薄膜晶體管)。在一般情況下，小玻璃球體使這二塊玻璃片保持互相分離狀態(tài)，其折射作用會降低顯示器的性能。IBM將球體換成了小支柱。小支柱位于象素之間的間隙中, 因此，當光線離開受激發(fā)的液晶時，小支柱不會對光產(chǎn)生干擾。在過去, 科學家們一直試圖達到如此高的象素率，但這種嘗試完全受到了造成屏幕亮度問題的聚積靜電的限制。IBM科研小組用激光來回掃描玻璃片解決這個難題，成功防止了靜電聚積。
 
以目前22,000美元的零售價看，T220不可能馬上從貨價上消失。但它將是醫(yī)院理想的選擇。從歷史角度看，放射學一直是激勵科技人員開發(fā)高分辨率屏幕的動力。當把T220裝到MRI (磁共振成像儀)或CT(電腦化x射線斷層掃描儀)上時，人們往往忽略了其價格標簽。直到現(xiàn)在，還沒有一臺顯示器能顯示典型的CT機生成的5百萬象素數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)再生能力加上完美的保真度應能幫助放射學家在計算機屏幕上做出更準確的診斷。
 
據(jù)IBM顯示器部市場營銷和策略部主任鮑伯•阿特蒙克說，新型顯示屏還可幫助石油工程師把分析鉆井的速度從一個月減少到一天。同樣，較高的保真度也將使CAD(電腦輔助設計)系統(tǒng)——特別是汽車和航天工業(yè)——工作得更快，因為新熒屏顯示的細節(jié)可省去昂貴的原型擬造程序。有關內(nèi)存（RAM）的概念是新顯示器將使各種設計師免除許多昂貴費時的中間環(huán)節(jié)，直接從計算機圖像過渡到最終產(chǎn)品形象。
 
由于常規(guī)的15英寸液晶顯示器目前的價格在$500以下，所以，人們預計IBM會將其工程重點從追求高分辨率轉移到降低成本上。T220開始在高端手提電腦上露面還需要多長時間? 從以往的經(jīng)驗判斷，它的出現(xiàn)會比多數(shù)人想象的要快。

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