2006 Part C
10. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.
【譯文】 我會(huì)把他定義為一個(gè)對(duì)道德問題進(jìn)行蘇格拉底式思考并將此作為自己人生首要責(zé)任和快樂的人。
【析句】 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單：I shall define him as an individual。但是注意修飾an individual的是一個(gè)定語從句，其賓語是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)（as his primary duty and pleasure in life）作其補(bǔ)語。
【講詞】 define在句中的含義為“定義；解釋”。define sth as sth是一個(gè)常見的結(jié)構(gòu)。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.（漢語中的“緣分”通常是表示兩個(gè)人之間的“凝聚力”。）Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.（職業(yè)壓力可以定義為人們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)所遇到的有害的身體和情感反應(yīng)。）
elect意為“選舉”，但還可以表示“選擇；決定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.（她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。）有時(shí)可以把elect譯成“當(dāng)作”，或根據(jù)句意不一定直譯。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
【譯文】 他的職責(zé)與法官相似，必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任：用盡可能明了的方式來展示自己做出決定的推理過程。
【析句】 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，后面是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾a judge，說明法官的職責(zé)是什么。注意revealing的賓語是the course of reasoning（推理的過程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定語，而in as obvious a matter是作狀語。
【講詞】 obligation意為“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.(在一樁婚姻中，丈夫與妻子的關(guān)系是相互平等，相互依賴，彼此都應(yīng)盡其責(zé)任。）
course在句中表示“過程”。
in an obvious matter是個(gè)不太常見的詞組，意為“明顯地，顯然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.（他們顯然不能假裝一無所知。）
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
【譯文】 我之所以把他排除在外，是因?yàn)楸M管他的成果可能會(huì)有助于解決道德問題，但他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過是研究這些問題的事實(shí)層面。
【析句】 主句是I have excluded him，而because所引導(dǎo)的從句又包含一個(gè)主從結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句是he has not been charged… those problems，從句是while his accomplishments… moral problems。the task of approaching any實(shí)際表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承擔(dān)的任務(wù)不是解決任何道德問題，而是處理（研究）這些問題的事實(shí)層面。
