海文名師張錦芯：考研英語(yǔ)新題型解題技巧

第一部分  閱讀理解B節(jié)備選題型1
 
第一節(jié)  考綱要求分析與考試重點(diǎn)概述
 
根據(jù)《2006年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)考試大綱（非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)）說明》，閱讀理解B節(jié)部分，主要考查考生對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。
本題型的內(nèi)容是一篇總長(zhǎng)度為500~600詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6~7段文字中選擇出5個(gè)答案，分別放進(jìn)文章中5個(gè)空白處。此題型所考文章不僅從長(zhǎng)度上長(zhǎng)于閱讀理解A節(jié)中的文章（每篇約400~450詞），閱讀量大，而且在文字難度和做題要求上也都高于A節(jié)。A節(jié)中的文章是完整的，在通讀文章或查讀細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，思路不會(huì)被打斷。而此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個(gè)空填錯(cuò)勢(shì)必又影響到對(duì)另外一個(gè)空的選擇。另外，此題有5個(gè)空白處，卻提供6~7個(gè)選項(xiàng)（根據(jù)大綱），因此有1~2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的干擾選項(xiàng)，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。
該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力�？梢哉f，此題型是對(duì)語(yǔ)言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測(cè)試，因此在要求上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于這兩種題型，考生有必要對(duì)這類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個(gè)部分的應(yīng)試能力。
 
第二節(jié)  考綱樣題分析與詳解
 
我們先以2006年大綱所附樣題為例，概括地分析一下此類題型的命題特點(diǎn)及解題思路。然后我們?cè)賹?duì)解題思路進(jìn)行全面的歸納和總結(jié)。
 
大綱樣題
Part B
Sample One
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~ 45, choose the most suitable one from the list ［A］~［G］ to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. (41)              .
Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
(42)               . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
(43)              . There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
(44)               . Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
(45)               .
About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.