Pennsylvania‘s colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political I implications.The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing.However，England wanted all of the line colonies’rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories，and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods.England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products，but by 1771，when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania，iron making had become the backbone of American industry.It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies.By the time the war of independence broke out in 1776， Bird， angered and determined， was manufactureing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.

　　After the War，Hopewell，along with hundreds of other“iron plantations”，continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century.The tufa/landscape became dotted with tall i

　　stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke，charcoal—fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal SO crucial to the nation‘s growth.Generations of ironmasters，craftspeople，and workers produced goods during war and peace——ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast—iron stoves，pots，and sash weights for windows.

　　The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production：a wealth of iron ore near the surface，limestone for removing impurities from the iron，hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel，rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires，and workers to supply the labor.By the 1 830s，Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast—iron stoves，for which there was a steady market.As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads，canals，and railroads，it became easier to ship parts made by HopeweU workers to sites all over the east coast.There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the“Hopewell stove”。By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1 883， the community had produced some 80，000 cast-iron stoves.

　　1. It can be inferred that the purpose ofthe legislation passed by England in 1 750 was to——。

　　[A]reduce the price of English—made iron goods sold in the colonies

　　[B]prevent the outbreak of the war of Independence

　　[C]require colonists to buy manufactured goods from England

　　[D]keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials

　　2. The author compares iron furnaces to which ofthe following?

　　[A]Cannons. [B]Pyramids.

　　[C]Pots. [D]Windows.

　　3. The word“blasts”in(Line 3，Para.3)is closest in meaning to .

　　[A]eruption [B]gust

　　[C]roar [D]dynamite

　　4. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for the following reason that————————。

　　[A]many workers were available in the area

　　[B] the center ofoperations ofthe army was nearby

　　[C]che deep—embedded metal ore was easy to acquire

　　[D]there was an abundance ofcoal

　　5. The passage mentions“roads，canals，and railroads”in order to explain that——。

　　[A]improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks

　　[B]iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation

　　[C]me transportation system ofPennsylvania was superior to that of other states

　　[D]Hopewell never became a major transportation center

　　閱讀小幫手

　　Raw adj.未加工的 legislation n.立法 entrepreneur n.企業(yè)家

　　blast n.(一陣)疾風(fēng) plantation n.耕地 foundation n.基礎(chǔ)

　　rural adj.咖鄉(xiāng)下的 versatile adj.多用途的 crucial adj.至關(guān)緊要的

　　domestic adj.家用的pump v.注入 reputation n.名聲

　　assemble v.裝配，組合 stoven n.爐

　　難句點(diǎn)津

　　By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1 776，Bird，angered and determined，was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.

　　[點(diǎn)津]該句包含一個時間狀語從句，句子的主干是Bird was manufacturing cannons and shot. by…為整句的時間狀語，其中thetime與thewar…是同位語;angered and determined為插入語，用于修飾Bird;at Hopewell為shot的地點(diǎn)狀語;to be used by…為Hopewell的后置定語。

　　全文翻譯

　　賓夕法尼亞的殖民鑄鐵者們在鑄鐵的同時發(fā)起了一場具有工業(yè)和政治雙重意義的革命。北美的殖民者想要擁有獲取自己制造產(chǎn)品所創(chuàng)造的利潤的權(quán)利。但是，英國卻想占有沿線殖民地所有豐富的礦石和原材料以供給自己的工廠，還想讓這些殖民地成為其成品市場。1750年，英國通過了一項(xiàng)法規(guī)禁止殖民者制造鐵制成品。但是到了1771年，當(dāng)企業(yè)家馬克。伯德在賓夕法尼亞建立起霍普韋爾鼓風(fēng)爐時，制鐵業(yè)就成為了美國工業(yè)的支柱，同時也成為了導(dǎo)致英國與其殖民地之間革命性破裂的主要事件之一。1776年，獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之時，伯德憤怒而堅決地在霍普韋爾為大陸軍制造大炮和炮彈。

　　戰(zhàn)爭過后，霍普韋爾同其他數(shù)百家制鐵廠一道，直到19世紀(jì)都在持續(xù)為這個新國家奠定工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。鄉(xiāng)村密布著冒出火焰與煙霧的高大石塔以及以木炭為燃料的生產(chǎn)著對國家發(fā)展極為重要的多功能金屬的高爐。一代代鑄鐵者、工匠和工人在戰(zhàn)爭與和平年代制造商品，從大炮和炮彈到諸如鑄鐵爐、鍋以及窗戶吊錘之類的家用產(chǎn)品。

　　霍普韋爾的周邊地區(qū)擁有制鐵所需的一切：埋藏淺的豐富的鐵礦石、去除鐵中雜質(zhì)的石灰石、提供木炭燃料的硬木森林、推動風(fēng)箱向爐火鼓風(fēng)的湍急的河水，以及提供勞動力的工人。到了19世紀(jì)30年代，霍普韋爾因生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的鑄鐵爐而名聲大振，這種火爐擁有穩(wěn)定的市場。隨著賓夕法尼亞州的公路、運(yùn)河以及鐵路運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)線路的增加，將霍普韋爾工人制造的零件運(yùn)至整個東海岸就變得更加容易了。在那里，這些零件被組裝成火爐，作為“霍普-t，爾火爐”銷往從羅得島到馬里蘭的各地。到1883年霍普韋爾制鐵廠熄滅最后的爐火之時，該團(tuán)體已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)出了大約8萬個鑄鐵爐。

　　答案解析

　　1.C推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the legislation passed by England in 1750定位文章第一段。該段前部 分提到英國不僅需要殖民地的礦石和原材料以滿足工廠的需要，還想讓殖民地成為產(chǎn)品傾 銷市場，很顯然英國人在1750年通過法案，阻止殖民者制造鐵制成品，其目的就在于防止殖民地形成本地生產(chǎn)市場，從而不再從英國購買產(chǎn)品。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，只有C“要求殖民者購買 來自英國的制造品”與原文意思一致，故為答案。

　　2.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞iron furnaces to…定位第二段…dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke，charcoal—fueled iron fumaces…，該段提到“鄉(xiāng)村密布著冒出火焰與 煙霧的高大石塔以及以木炭為燃料的高爐，這些高爐生產(chǎn)著對國家發(fā)展極為重要的多功能金屬�！庇纱丝梢姡�作者把tall stone puramids與iron furnaces相比照。故選B.

　　3.B語義題。文章第三段提到“霍普韋爾的周邊地區(qū)擁有制鐵所需的一切……推動風(fēng)箱向爐火——的湍急的河水……”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A“爆發(fā)”，B“一陣風(fēng)”，C“吼叫”和D“炸藥‘’可知。風(fēng)箱向爐火吹的應(yīng)該是風(fēng)，故選B.本題也可根據(jù)原文中的關(guān)鍵詞bellow(風(fēng)箱)，pump(抽吸)，air(空氣)等推斷出該詞的含義。

　　4.A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Pennsylvania、Hopewell定位文章最后一段。原文當(dāng)中提到 Hopewell周圍地帶有著生產(chǎn)鐵制品得天獨(dú)厚的條件，豐富的鐵礦、除去雜質(zhì)所用的石灰石礦、可用作燃料的廣袤的森林、足夠的工人等，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，答案應(yīng)為A.

　　5.A推斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞roads，canals，and railroads定位最后一段。文章提到PenIlsylvania加強(qiáng)了交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)，從而使得Hopewell的工人所生產(chǎn)的零部件更易于向整個東海岸運(yùn)輸，結(jié)合 選項(xiàng)，A“交通狀況的改善使Hopewell的鋼鐵廠從中受益”，符合題意。其余三項(xiàng)B“鋼鐵被普遍用在不同交通設(shè)施的建造上”C“Peansylvania的交通系統(tǒng)比其他各州的狀況都要完善”，D“Hopewell從來都沒成為主要的運(yùn)輸中心”，都屬于無中生有。

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