There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment， they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician， but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced， not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation， but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result， and in other people does result， in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction”。

　　There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery， and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyse this resistance in the usual way — then， even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness， the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery， more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic(admiring one‘s own self too much) inaccessibility， a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness.

　　In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a “moral” factor， a sense of guilt， which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty， he feels ill. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.

　　1. According to the author， some unusual patients would

　　[A] openly resist the treatment of the physician.

　　[B] intentionally hold the physician in contempt.

　　[C] respond against the physician‘s expectation.

　　[D] disregard the appreciation by the physician.

　　2. For the patients the author describes，

　　[A] a hopeful treatment often leads to a reverse result.

　　[B] a local treatment improves temporarily their symptoms.

　　[C] a partial solution betters rather than worsens their illness.

　　[D] a right solution cures them partially of their illness.

　　3. The author‘s study of this syndrome leads him to think that

　　[A] patients must be convinced of the treatment by analysis.

　　[B] patients‘ sense of guilt may hinder them from getting well.

　　[C] patients need to know the final explanations of their illness.

　　[D] patients should give up the punishment of suffering from their illness.

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that

　　[A] certain people behave in a particularly fashionable way.

　　[B] the need for illness has overcome the desire for recovery.

　　[C] the patients who are content with their illness are guilty.

　　[D] the syndrome of inverse reaction to therapy is curious.

　　5. The root cause of the resistance to recovery lies in the fact that the patients

　　[A] are apt to refuse the recognization of the physician‘s authority.

　　[B] can hardly put up with being praised or appreciated by their doctors.

　　[C] cling to the unconscious belief in their deserved penalty by sickness.

　　[D] suffer from a chronic mental disease that offers them a feeling of guilt.

　　詞匯注釋

　　defiance 蔑視

　　therapeutic 治療的

　　dreaded 令人擔(dān)心的

　　narcissistic 自我陶醉的

　　inaccessibility 不易接近的

　　難句講解

　　1. Every partial solution that ought to result， and in other people does result， in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better.

　　[簡(jiǎn)析] 本句話的主干是“Every partial solution produces in them an intensification， they get worse…”。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾solution;them 和they都是指前面句子中的such people.

　　2. If we analyse this resistance in the usual way — then， even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness， the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery， more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic (admiring one‘s own self too much) inaccessibility， a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness.

　　[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話是一個(gè)并列句，其主干是“the greater part of it is still left over…and this reveals itself as…”。If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，even after引導(dǎo)的短語是插入語;it 之得失this resistance;后面句子中的this 指的是前面的句子;a negative attitude…短語是在解釋inaccessibility.

　　3. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be ill; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the right remedy for his case.

　　[簡(jiǎn)析]本句話是一個(gè)并列句，其主干是“It is also difficult to convince the patient…h(huán)e holds fast to…”。It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的to conceive…短語，其中的that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句;he指的是the patient;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是explanation的同位語從句。

　　答案與解析

　　1. C細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，有些異常的患者可能 ”。題干中的 “Some unusual patients”出自文章第一段第一句話中(文中用的是people who behave in aquite peculiar fashion)，表明本題與第一段有關(guān)。第一段在提到這些人時(shí)指出，如果你充滿希望地與他們交談，或者對(duì)治療的進(jìn)展表示滿意，他們就表現(xiàn)出不滿的樣子，并且他們的狀況總是會(huì)變壞;隨后指出，你不僅確信這類人不能容忍任何贊揚(yáng)或評(píng)價(jià)，你還深信他們會(huì)反向回應(yīng)治療取得的進(jìn)展。這說明，這些人可能對(duì)醫(yī)生的希望做出逆向反應(yīng)。[C] “對(duì)醫(yī)生的期望做出相反的回應(yīng)”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“公開抵制醫(yī)生的治療”、[B]“故意鄙視醫(yī)生”和[D]“漠視醫(yī)生的評(píng)價(jià)”都不準(zhǔn)確，與文意不符。

　　2. A細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“對(duì)于患者，作者描述到 ”。第一段前半部分分析了異�；颊咧�后，在后半部分提到，任何局部治療方法對(duì)他們會(huì)導(dǎo)致病情的惡化，他們的病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)，他們的表現(xiàn)就是人們所知的“消極治療反應(yīng)”。這說明，有效的治療方法對(duì)這些人會(huì)起反作用。[A]“一個(gè)有希望的治療通常導(dǎo)致相反的結(jié)果”與此意符合，為正確答案。[B]“局部治療暫時(shí)改善了他們的癥狀”和[D]“正確的治療方法部分治愈他們的疾病”是針對(duì)第一段中“…that ought to result，and in other people does result，in an improvement…”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，明顯是誤解了該句話的意思;[C]“局部治療方法使他們的病情好轉(zhuǎn)而不是惡化他們的病情”與第一段中“they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better”這句話的意思相反。

　　3. 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“作者對(duì)這種綜合病癥的研究導(dǎo)致他認(rèn)為 ”。作者在第一段介紹了那些患者的異常表現(xiàn)，在第二段提到了患者的抗病性因素，最后一段分析了這種抗病性的原因，指出，我們面對(duì)的是一種可能被稱做的“道德”因素，一種罪惡感，也就是在疾病中尋求滿足，拒絕放棄受難的懲罰。這說明，作者認(rèn)為，患者的罪惡感導(dǎo)致他拒絕治療、康復(fù)。[B]“病人的罪惡感可能阻礙他們康復(fù)”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A] “病人應(yīng)該相信分析治療法”是針對(duì)最后一段最后一句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符：[C]“病人需要了解對(duì)他們疾病的最終解釋”是針對(duì)最后一段第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符;[D]“病人應(yīng)該放棄患病的懲罰”屬于無中生有。

　　4. D推論題。本題的問題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知 ”。第一段提到，在分析治療過程中，有些人的表現(xiàn)方式非常特別，接著介紹了這些人的異常表現(xiàn);第二段提到了抗病性表現(xiàn)，最后一段提到，我們面對(duì)的是一種罪惡感，也就是在疾病中尋求滿足，拒絕放棄受難的懲罰;就患者來說，這種罪惡感是無意的，這并沒有向他表明他有罪、他患病了。由此可知，患者的異常反應(yīng)令人費(fèi)解。[D]“對(duì)治療的反向回應(yīng)綜合癥是難以理解的”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“有些人以一種特別時(shí)髦的方式表現(xiàn)”是誤解了第一段第一句話中fashion(方式)一詞的意思;第二段第二句話提到了[B]“患病的需要超過了恢復(fù)的渴望”，但隨后的句子說明這種觀點(diǎn)不對(duì);[C]“那些滿足于患病的患者是有罪的”是誤解了最后一段的內(nèi)容。

　　5. C細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問題是“抵制恢復(fù)的根本原因在于這樣的事實(shí)：患者 ”。題干的“the resistance to recovery”出自文章最后一段第四句話中，表明本題與最后一段有關(guān)。最后一段首先提到了罪惡感，接著解釋說，他們拒絕放棄受難的懲罰，這種罪惡感是無意的，它只是表現(xiàn)為抵制非常難以克服的恢復(fù)，患者深信，通過分析治療不是治療他疾病的好方法。這說明，事實(shí)是，患者認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到患病的懲罰。[C ]“堅(jiān)持‘他們?cè)撌芗膊�懲罰’這種無意識(shí)的觀點(diǎn)”與此意符合，為正確答案。文中只是說“人們非常難以使患者相信這種動(dòng)機(jī)隱藏于他繼續(xù)患病的因素之中”，并沒有說他們不相信醫(yī)生的權(quán)威，所以[A]“傾向于拒絕承認(rèn)醫(yī)生的權(quán)威”不對(duì);[B]“難以忍受醫(yī)生的表揚(yáng)或評(píng)價(jià)”與患者的罪惡感沒有關(guān)系;[D]“患有慢性精神病，這種疾病使得他們有罪惡感”屬于無中生有。

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