2008年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語模擬試題預測試卷一

Sample 4

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Nowadays, as the developments of society progress forward, especially the achievement in the economy and technology, but more and more problems appear. Among these problems, what is the worst belongs to the area of environment.

［A］ It is futile to adjust to the chemicals.

［B］ The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.

［C］ We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge.

［D］ During the past quarter century the power to influence the nature has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character（性質）.

［E］ The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.

［F］ It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth.

41��

The new products come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as “pests.”

42��

Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.

43��

The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.

44��

To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.

45��

Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on  ANSWER SHET 2.(10 points)

People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist.（46） Using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new��born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. （47）“A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. （48）“When she stops breast��feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone to infections of the digestive system.” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. （49）In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring—lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. （50）The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said.

Section Ⅲ Writing

51. Directions:

You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words. and do not need to write the address, you should use the name Li Ming.

52. Directions:

Now more people enjoy buying lottery tickets. Study the following picture carefully and write an article on the topic of Quality Control and Marketing. In your article, you should cover the following points:

（1）describe the phenomenon;

（2）analyze the phenomenon and give your comment on it.

You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

考前預測試卷一參考答案及解析

Section Ⅰ Use of English

1. B in return是固定短語，表示“作為回報”，文中的意思正是如果一個人有什么東西要賣，而有希望得到什么作為回報; by return of post 表示立刻回信, 沒有on return 以及for return 的固定用法。

2. D 做買賣交易肯定是雙方自愿的，所以應該選擇willing，be willing to 表示“愿意”，capable 表示具有某種能力，be likely to 表示“可能”，此處不符合題意；be desirable of 表示“渴望得到”也不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。

3.C本題涉及到基本常識，在過去之所以產(chǎn)生商品買賣是因為個人手里有了多余的產(chǎn)品，所以此處應該選擇C 項“多余的，剩余的”，surplus的用法經(jīng)常表示產(chǎn)品或者資金的剩余；A表示“過度、無節(jié)制”；B項表示“另外的，不包括在內的”；D項表示“足夠的”。

4.A此處是意思是表示變化巨大，形容這種狀況的只有A項具有這種含義；B項“緊急的”；C項“虔誠的”；D項表示“恰巧的”。

5.A此處是表示時間的定語從句，應該選擇A項，符合題意。

6.C該題所要表示的意思是二戰(zhàn)中的情況致使貨幣失去本身的價值，所以此處的詞不應該是褒義詞，但是，A和D 項都由褒義的詞性，B項表示“保持”不符合語境，因為前面沒有提到過貨幣失去價值。

7.D此處的含義是被“加強，執(zhí)行”；A項表示“鼓勵”；B項表示“加大”；C項表示“忍受”，都不符合文章要求。

8.B resort to 表示“求助于”，二戰(zhàn)中，貨幣已經(jīng)不具有價值了，人們?yōu)榱速徺I生活必須用品，就只好“求助于其他方法”，所以此處應該選擇B；conform to 表示“一致”；commit to 表示“執(zhí)行，做”；gear to 表示“使適合”。

9.B閱讀文章，很容易理解前后兩局之間的關系是轉折關系，howevrer 的用法是前后都要使用逗號，所以只能選擇B。

10.C 此處的含義應該是取消所有價格控制，C項具有“取消，消滅”的含義；A項表示“剝奪”；B項表示“刺激、促進”，對于價格控制不可能促進的；D項表示“限制”，限制也是不符合題意的，只有取消這種控制經(jīng)濟才可能發(fā)展，限制已經(jīng)無法達到目的。

11.A前后是承接的關系，表示“所以”；B項的用法同however 一樣，前后都需要使用逗號。所以正確答案為A。

12.D 根據(jù)上下文，貨幣經(jīng)濟應該代替物物交換經(jīng)濟，這是歷史的必然，A項表示“交替，輪流”；B項表示“建立”，與前后關系不符；C項雖然也表示“代替，替換”，但是必須使用詞組 substitute A for B。

13.D 本題涉及到經(jīng)濟學的某些常識，由于買和賣分離，在一定程度上促使了貨幣的產(chǎn)生，所以此處應該選擇D 表示“分開，分離”，前三項都不符合題意要求。

14.B買和賣的分離就要求另一種物品來充當媒介，B項表示“需要，要求”，經(jīng)常使用在這種語境中，例如，The emergency requires that it should be done��A項表示“承擔”；C項表示“集中”；D項表示“執(zhí)行”， 　

15.A參照14題可知，需要的是中間媒介，所以選擇“A”，其他選項均不符合。

16.C在買和賣之間的這段之間，對于貨幣來說，人是暫時的擁有，所以選擇C，其他三項與本題意無關。

17.Cinterim表示“中間的”，那么后面的介詞必須是兩者之間，所以選擇between 。

18.D此處的含義是先賣，再買， 只有D項具有這種含義。

19.B表示只有先把自己的東西賣了，才能取得購買的能力，表示“取得”的含義也只有B項。A項表示“執(zhí)行”；C項表示“超過”；D項表示“交換”。 都不符合題意。

20.Apay for 表示“付款”，為自己買的東西付款；B項pay off 表示“還清”；C項pay back 表示“還回”；D項表示“解款入”。