lesson 18 ——ING分詞

　　內(nèi) 容 提 要

　　-ING分詞也是動(dòng)詞的非限定性形式，由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語(yǔ)，也可用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊;可以作表語(yǔ);作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一定的要求，有的動(dòng)詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動(dòng)詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語(yǔ);在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞也有一定的要求;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，-ING分詞要與其邏輯主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)，否則就要用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu);-ING分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。跟動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和否定形式;最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。

　　第一節(jié) -ING分詞的形式

　　-ING分詞是指由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，具體形式如下

　　主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

　　一般時(shí) doing being done

　　完成時(shí) having done having been done

　　就其語(yǔ)法功能而言，它可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

　　第二節(jié) -ING分詞的用法

　　一、 作主語(yǔ)

　　1. 一般形式

　　1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.

　　[A] Taking the part of [B] Taking part in [C] To take the part of [D] To take the notice in

　　2) a teacher is being present at the creation， when the clay begins to breathe.

　　[A] As[B] To be[C] Is[D] Being

　　3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.

　　[A]Eliminate problems[B]The eliminated problems[C]Eliminating problems[D]Problems are eliminated

　　2. 有時(shí)可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)

　　It's waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.

　　It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說(shuō)明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible， important， essential， necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動(dòng)詞不定式。我們不能說(shuō) It's quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It's quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]

　　It's glorious getting involved in working out the plan.

　　4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.

　　二、作表語(yǔ)的-ING分詞

　　Seeing is believing.

　　His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.

　　三、-ING分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

　　1. 一類(lèi)是動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后邊跟賓語(yǔ)的非限定性動(dòng)詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge， admit(坦白，承認(rèn))， advise， advocate， anticipate， appreciate， avoid， can't help， consider， contemplate(深思)， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape(躲過(guò)，避開(kāi))， excuse， fancy， finish， give up， imagine， include， keep on， justify， mean(意味著，等于)， mind(在乎)， miss， postpone， practise， prohibit， put off， quit， recall， regret， resist， resume， risk(冒險(xiǎn)干…)， suggest， threaten.

　　5) By taking the back way he escaped .

　　[A] to be seen [B] have been seen [C] seeing [D] being seen

　　6) I came late and missed Jack winning.

　　[A] to see[B] seeing[C] see[D] seen

　　7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.”

　　“Then we'd better quit and get down to business.”

　　[A] talking[B] to talk[C] from talking[D] having talk

　　8) The young doctor first [A] practised to use [B] the needles on [C] his own [D] wrist.

　　9) Some experts have advocated to bring [A] that country into [B] the talks， to revive the intermittent dialogue [C] that began [D] after the 1967 Middle East War.

　　2. 另一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后邊作賓語(yǔ)的非限定性動(dòng)詞可以是-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞，也可以是動(dòng)詞不定式，如：attempt， begin， can't bear， cease， continue， deserve， endure， forget， go on， hate， intend， like， love， need， neglect， omit， plan， prefer， propose， regret， remember， start ， stop， try等。(動(dòng)詞后接-ING和不定式時(shí)在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)

　　10) “What's wrong with Henry?”“He needs .”

　　[A] cheer up[B] to be cheer up[C] cheering up[D] to cheered up

　　11) Any such news would start her .

　　[A] to worry[B] worrying[C] worry[D] worried

　　3. -ING分詞作賓語(yǔ)還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語(yǔ)放到句子的后邊去

　　I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.

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