一、長(zhǎng)句短句錯(cuò)落有致

　　都是短句的作文略顯水平稚嫩，寫作功力尚需磨煉，都是長(zhǎng)句的作文又顯得啰嗦冗贅，賣弄不成反到做作。真正的優(yōu)秀文章應(yīng)做到長(zhǎng)短句搭配合理，難簡(jiǎn)結(jié)合，曲徑通幽，平實(shí)中見功力。大批考生缺乏寫作訓(xùn)練，往往在作文中忽視運(yùn)用長(zhǎng)句或是長(zhǎng)句運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，因此考生在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)就應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地在每段中都設(shè)置出1至2個(gè)有特色的長(zhǎng)句，如并列句、排比句、主從復(fù)合句等，使得文章錯(cuò)落有致、行文流暢并體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言功底。

　　二、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)合理運(yùn)用

　　在漢語(yǔ)寫作思維中，我們習(xí)慣于表現(xiàn)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，當(dāng)把這種思維應(yīng)用于英語(yǔ)寫作中時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)明顯的缺陷，因?yàn)橛⑽膎ative speaker在寫作過(guò)程中，更注重事情的執(zhí)行，所以在他們的文章里，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或者不體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的句子更多一些。當(dāng)然，在寫作過(guò)程中，并不是要一味地追求被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用，在什么情況下用主動(dòng)，什么情況下用被動(dòng)，這與陳述對(duì)象有密切的關(guān)系，英語(yǔ)寫作中強(qiáng)調(diào)敘述對(duì)象的一致性，所以在實(shí)際寫作中，一定要合理運(yùn)用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。

　　三、倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)適當(dāng)穿插

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句式是一種突出重點(diǎn)的有效句式。另外，倒裝句式也常用于達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的。因此，在寫作中適當(dāng)穿插使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句，不僅可以突出強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)部分，而且能夠豐富句式，起到修飾作用，達(dá)到意想不到的表達(dá)效果。

　　四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙使用

　　比較結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)中使用頻率頻率較高的一種句式，如果能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用，可以增加文章語(yǔ)言的地道味道，對(duì)各種類型作文的寫作都大有裨益。

　　五、句式之間銜接緊密

　　英語(yǔ)中十分重視句與句之間的形合，在寫作中即使上下句之間的意義聯(lián)系緊密，邏輯關(guān)系很明顯，也不能省略連接詞或過(guò)渡詞，否則就不符合英語(yǔ)的思維與表達(dá)習(xí)慣。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠B接詞，尤其是表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞(如who, which, that, because, since, although, if, unless, as if等)，不僅能豐富句型，而且可能將意思表達(dá)的更加清楚，使句與句之間銜接緊密，意義更加連貫。

　　【實(shí)考作文例析】 (99-6)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:

　　1)有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇

　　2)有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書

　　3)我的看法

　　【8分作文】

　　People all know that reading is very important. But people have different opinions towards how to read. Some people say we should read selectively, and other people believe that we should read extensively.

　　Some people think that reading selectively is very important. First, some books are harmful and not worthy (worth) reading. Second, after work people have do not have enough time to read extensively.

　　Some people think that people should read extensively. Now, different branches of knowledge are closely related. If one wants to make great achievements, he will have to read books not only in his own field of study but also other fields (concerning not only his own field of study but also other fields of study). Reading extensively can give us experience, and broaden our view.

　　I think we should read both selectively and extensively. As to bad books, we should never read them. As for good books, we should read as extensively as we can.

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

　　本文在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上沒有問(wèn)題，通篇看來(lái)，也沒有出現(xiàn)什么嚴(yán)重的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(斜體部分)，之所以只拿到8分，主要是因?yàn)榫涫奖容^單一，文章顯得毫無(wú)生氣。

　　首先，長(zhǎng)短句搭配不夠合理。文章中所用句式比較簡(jiǎn)單，而且有些雷同，缺少能夠體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言功底的特色長(zhǎng)句，沒能很好地將長(zhǎng)短句合理搭配使用。首段的引言部分顯得蒼白無(wú)力，除第三段以外，其余各段中無(wú)論是主題句還是擴(kuò)展句句式都比較簡(jiǎn)單，甚至有些重復(fù)。

　　其次，沒能很好地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)。首段開頭句使用的是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一方面不太符合書面語(yǔ)的文體風(fēng)格，另一方面給人感覺過(guò)于平淡，如果改成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)It is widely accepted that…就會(huì)使句子的表達(dá)更加貼切。

　　第三，缺少倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)等特色句式。整篇文章中幾乎沒有使用任何有特點(diǎn)的句式，顯得句式單一、平淡無(wú)味。

　　最后，句與句間銜接不夠緊密。雖然本文從整體上看行文還算流暢，但很多句子之間只做到了意義上連貫，形式上缺少必要的連接，如第三段的兩點(diǎn)理由的陳述，既沒有與主題句有很好的銜接，兩點(diǎn)理由之間也沒有適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡。

　　【12分作文】

　　Nowadays, it is generally accepted that reading is of quite (much) importance. But when it comes to how to read, there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we should read selectively or read extensively.

　　Some people are in favor of the idea of reading selectively. First, they believe that it is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts. In addition, since one's time and effort (efforts) are limited, we (he) should read books that are suited to our (his) interests and needs.

　　However, those who insist on reading extensively argue that it is through reading extensively that one can broaden his horizon. Only when one reads widely, can he really make remarkable achievements in his study.

　　In my opinion, we should read selectively on the basis of reading extensively. For one thing, by reading widely we can keep ourselves well informed of as much knowledge as possible. For another, without selection, reading may become aimless and blind, which makes reading ineffective. Therefore, we should combine selective reading and extensive reading.

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

　　本文雖出現(xiàn)個(gè)別語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(斜體部分)，但結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，句式多變，行文流暢，不失為一篇優(yōu)秀的作文。

　　首先，長(zhǎng)句短句錯(cuò)落有致。本文中句式多樣，，各段長(zhǎng)短句搭配合理，如首段中第一句話簡(jiǎn)潔明了引出事實(shí)背景，然后通過(guò)when it comes to…句型自然過(guò)渡到要討論的主題。文中對(duì)長(zhǎng)句的運(yùn)用，體現(xiàn)了作者較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言功底。

　　其次，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)運(yùn)用合理。本文首句使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)it is generally accepted that…引出普遍存在的事實(shí)，恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確，符合書面語(yǔ)的文體風(fēng)格。而文中其他地方盡管沒有更多地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也是從實(shí)際的表達(dá)需要出發(fā)，并不影響本文的整體效果。

　　再次，倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)穿插得當(dāng)。文中穿插了倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)等特色句式，起到了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)、增加氣勢(shì)的作用。

　　第四，句與句間銜接緊密。本文無(wú)論從意思上還是形式上都非常連貫，過(guò)渡自然，連接詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確，整篇文章給人感覺邏輯清晰，渾然一體。

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