應(yīng)試亮劍 2009年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯指導(dǎo)及練習(xí)(9)

　　3)除此之外，漢語(yǔ)還存在一種"怪現(xiàn)象"，即：用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。例如"在......中"嵌入及物動(dòng)詞可用于表示被動(dòng)意義。這種情況在譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以選擇主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　例9 新住宅在建造中。

　　譯文：New houses are being built/ are building.

　　例10 新教材在印刷中。

　　譯文：New textbooks are being printed/ are printing.

　　Exercise Nine

　　1. It is time ________________ (有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時(shí)候了).

　　2. In the sports meeting, _______________ (他替換了那個(gè)受傷的運(yùn)動(dòng)員).

　　3. _________________ (盡管這對(duì)老夫婦生活簡(jiǎn)樸)，they enjoy true happiness.

　　4.The teacher always told us that ________________(我們必須把所學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工作中).

　　5. Since the examination is around the corner，________________(我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)).

　　1. (that)the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems

　　解析：本題考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)。第一，考查"是......的時(shí)候了"的用法。翻譯成英語(yǔ)可以說：It is time to do something或It is time that sb. did something.本句采用的是后一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型。謂語(yǔ)部分要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。第二，"有關(guān)當(dāng)局"應(yīng)譯成the authorities concerned。Concerned的意思是"有關(guān)的，有牽連的"，常用于名詞后面，修飾該名詞。concerning的意思是"關(guān)于"，通常不作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　2. he substituted for the injured player

　　解析："替換某人"要用substitute for sb. ，盡管漢語(yǔ)中只說"替換"，翻譯時(shí)要補(bǔ)上介詞for，以符合英語(yǔ)的要求。"替換"還有displace，replace，swap，take the place of，instead of等說法。這些表達(dá)之間有微妙的差別，考生要注意區(qū)分。

　　substitute(n./vi.) 代替;取代; 代替品

　　Nothing can substitute for the advice the doctor is able to give you.

　　substitute的用法是：substitute A for B，意為用A代替B;

　　replace 的用法是：replace A with B，意為用B代替A。

　　例句：

　　1. In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being substituted for the better and more expensive kind.

　　2. The government decided to replace coal with gas.

　　練習(xí)

　　1. Nowadays plastic is often used to ______ for rubber. (看到for用substitute)

　　2. The team ______ James with John in the match today. (with用replace)

　　3. Despite the fact that the old couple leads a very plain life

　　解析：Despite有"盡管"之意，看似連詞，實(shí)際上卻是介詞。相當(dāng)于in spite of，一般后接名詞，如：Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.(盡管天氣不好，我們的假期仍過得很愉快。)原句需填入部分是一個(gè)單句，因此要用"despite the fact that..."結(jié)構(gòu)。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句還可以用although引導(dǎo)，即：Although the old couple leads a very plain life.