(八)關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明
1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng),意義上是被動(dòng)。例如:
School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開學(xué)。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書館星期天不開放。
The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好。
The book hardly sells. 這書買不出去。
The door will not shut/lock. 門關(guān)/鎖不上。
Am I to blame? 我該受責(zé)備嗎?
The house is to let. 房子要出租。
The story is interesting to read. 這故事讀起來(lái)很有趣。
The film is worth seeing. 這片子值得一看。
Your shirt needs washing. 你的襯衫該洗了。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如:
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽見他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人聽到他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見。
3、除助動(dòng)詞be外,動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),是比較口語(yǔ)化的一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語(yǔ)。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。
You might get killed/hurt. 你會(huì)送命/受傷的。
In the end this story got translated into English. 這故事最后被譯成了英文。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的車在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)句型也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。如:
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一會(huì)就把自行車修好。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天買東西的時(shí)候我的錢夾被盜。
He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的時(shí)候他把腿弄斷了。
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折買了這些書,省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面,主動(dòng)的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思:
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,您的衣服要燙嗎?
The car wants servicing. 這汽車要檢修。
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