(八)關于被動語態(tài)的幾點說明
1、有些動詞形式上是主動,意義上是被動。例如:
School begins in September. 學校九月份開學。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書館星期天不開放。
The machine runs well. 這臺機器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好。
The book hardly sells. 這書買不出去。
The door will not shut/lock. 門關/鎖不上。
Am I to blame? 我該受責備嗎?
The house is to let. 房子要出租。
The story is interesting to read. 這故事讀起來很有趣。
The film is worth seeing. 這片子值得一看。
Your shirt needs washing. 你的襯衫該洗了。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補。但在被動語態(tài)中,不定式符號to必須補上。例如:
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽見他向他的朋友說再見。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人聽到他向他的朋友說再見。
3、除助動詞be外,動詞get有時也可跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài),是比較口語化的一種被動語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個巨大的市場中我迷失了方向。
You might get killed/hurt. 你會送命/受傷的。
In the end this story got translated into English. 這故事最后被譯成了英文。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的車在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語+過去分詞”這個句型也表達了一種被動的意思。如:
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一會就把自行車修好。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天買東西的時候我的錢夾被盜。
He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的時候他把腿弄斷了。
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折買了這些書,省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面,主動的-ing形式表達被動的意思:
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,您的衣服要燙嗎?
The car wants servicing. 這汽車要檢修。
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