2010年12月英語四級閱讀理解猜答案技巧

　　錦囊妙計(jì)1：利用邏輯關(guān)系信號詞

　　細(xì)節(jié)題常�？疾槟撤N邏輯關(guān)系，最常見的有因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系和舉例關(guān)系。每種邏輯關(guān)系都會有特有的信號詞。利用信號詞能夠使你更快地定位原文，定位原文后再仔細(xì)理解原文，答案就不難選擇了。各種邏輯關(guān)系的信號詞有：

　　因果關(guān)系：because， for, as, since, as a result of, so that, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, attribute... to...等;

　　比較關(guān)系：but， however, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than, as... as, like, similar, parallel 等;

　　舉例關(guān)系：for example, for instance, like, such as, and so on, that is 等。

　　【例】

　　As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most diners don't notice or care.

　　As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. Q: Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?

　　[2006.12/T60]

　　A) Bottled water brings in huge profits.

　　B) Competition from the wine industry is intense.

　　C) Most diners find bottled water affordable.

　　D) Bottled water satisfies diners' desire to be fashionable.

　　【解析】從題目開頭的why可知本文要求查找的是因果關(guān)系，原文中可能有表示因果關(guān)系的信號詞。上文第2段開頭的As a result是表示因果關(guān)系的信號詞.表明題目要求查找的原因可在上文找到。上文提到餐館售賣瓶裝水的利潤巨大，且由于水比酒便宜得多，許多利潤大的品牌在商店買不到.所以用餐者也不會注意或在乎;結(jié)果就是，一些餐館加大售賣瓶裝水的力度。定位后再細(xì)讀上一段即可知道本題應(yīng)選A。 [答案：A]

　　錦囊妙計(jì)2：利用特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號

　　一些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號與篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或句間關(guān)系有密切聯(lián)系，也常常成為考點(diǎn)。常考的標(biāo)點(diǎn)及其功能包括：

　　破折號：對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或說明、補(bǔ)充，�？技�(xì)節(jié)性問題;

　　引號：表示引用、強(qiáng)調(diào)或諷刺，常考細(xì)節(jié)、語義或態(tài)度性問題;

　　冒號：對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋，�？技�(xì)節(jié)性問題;

　　括號：表示解釋。常考細(xì)節(jié)性問題。

　　在預(yù)讀文章時(shí)，如果碰到這些特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，可以先作記號。遇到題干的關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的同一個段落或句子，應(yīng)優(yōu)先看特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號處.答案可能就在那里。

　　【例2】

　　As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease, to preventing disease-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.

　　Q: Today medial care is placing more stress on___________. [2006.12/T62]

　　A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition

　　B) monitoring patients' body functions

　　C) removing people's bad living habits

　　D) ensuring people's psychological well-being

　　【解析】上文開頭的focus與題目中的stress為同義詞，為本題答案所在地。句中的破折號為特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，對focus做出進(jìn)一步的限定，因此，本題答案應(yīng)鎖定在破折號后的內(nèi)容，此處的changing our many unhealthy behaviors與選項(xiàng)C內(nèi)容相同，由此可確定選項(xiàng)C為本題答案。 【答案：C】

　　錦囊妙計(jì)3：字面意義不是解

　　以字面意義作選項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)的常用技巧，這在詞匯理解題中尤為常見，在答題時(shí)應(yīng)立刻將字面意義的選項(xiàng)排除.同義改寫或深層意義的才是正確選項(xiàng)。

　　【例3】

　　Arthur yon Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” he says.

　　Q: By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water”, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that ____

　　[2006.12/T58]

　　A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking

　　B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water

　　C) bottled water often appeals more to dogs' taste

　　D) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste

　　【解析】題目中的dog只是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)瓶裝水和自來水的區(qū)別很明顯，對該句的正確理解不應(yīng)真的與dog有關(guān).可見選項(xiàng)C和D完全沒有提及my dog could tell的深層意思，都只是表面的解釋，可立刻予以排除。 [答案：B]

　　錦囊妙計(jì)4：照抄原文不是解.同義替換是解

　　在細(xì)節(jié)題中有兩種極端，一種是答案照搬原文，另一種卻相反，即照搬原文的不是答案，對原文進(jìn)行同義改寫的才是答案。前一種題毫無難度，因此，后一種是出題者主要使用的手段。在排除了毫無原文依據(jù)的選項(xiàng)后，在剩下的選項(xiàng)中，不妨考慮利用這個錦囊選出正確答案。

　　【例4】

　　... Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.

　　But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be

　　used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in e-

　　mail than on the phone.

　　Q: According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth

　　through certain media of communication? [2006,6/T59]

　　A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

　　B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.

　　C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

　　D) They are most practiced at those forms of communication.

　　【解析】選項(xiàng)B和C的信息并未在原文提及，因此可以首先排除。選項(xiàng)D照抄上文首段末句原因從句的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)也可以根據(jù)“照抄原文不是解”這條錦囊把選項(xiàng)D也排除掉，剩下的選項(xiàng)A是就成了最可能正確的選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A是對第2段第2句中could be used to引出的目的的近義改寫，為正確答案。 【答案：A】

　　錦囊妙計(jì)5：與文章主題相關(guān)的是解

　　有些題日以wh-開頭，它們看似是細(xì)節(jié)題，但是答案短時(shí)間內(nèi)又不能在原文找到某句細(xì)節(jié)作依據(jù)。遇到這種題目時(shí)，可選擇與文章主題關(guān)系最密切的選項(xiàng)。

　　【例5】

　　At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards-was viewed through the lens of gender (性別) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

　　Q: What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research? [2007.6/T59]

　　A) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.

　　B) People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.

　　C) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.

　　D) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.

　　【解析】原文沒有任何一句話直接與題干相關(guān)，因此“近義改寫是解”行不通。這時(shí)，本錦囊就顯得特別有效。上文在原文中是第2段，從首段開始就可以知道文章的主題與“性別歧視”問題有關(guān)，根據(jù)這個主題篩選選項(xiàng)，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B與該主題關(guān)系最密切。其中stereotyped attitude towards female是對“性別歧視”的另一種表述。這樣，即使問題與答案難以定位，抓住了文章主題，就可以確定選項(xiàng)B是本題答案。 [答案：B]

　　錦囊妙計(jì)6：排除法

　　有時(shí)題目和答案的設(shè)置比較隱蔽。想通過定位原文這種正面進(jìn)攻的方法找到答案耗時(shí)費(fèi)力，那么，不妨試試排除法。如果能證明選項(xiàng)中的三個與題干無關(guān)，而與文中的其他話題或內(nèi)容有關(guān).這就可從反面確定剩下的那個選項(xiàng)為題目答案。

　　【例6】

　　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍縱即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

　　The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write" is what Elbow calls "free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

　　Q: What prevents people from writing on is________. [2007.6/T63]

　　A) putting their ideas in raw form

　　B) trying to capture fleeting thoughts

　　C) attempting to edit as they write

　　D) ignoring grammatical soundness

　　【解析】本題題干的內(nèi)容非常隱蔽，在原文難以定位。我們可以從選項(xiàng)入手。發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A、B、D都是free writin9過程中應(yīng)該做的.也就是說.它們是使寫作者能不斷寫出東西的方法，這與題干的要求正好相反，因此可以把它們排除掉。這樣，雖然我們可能仍然不能確定剩下的選項(xiàng)C與題干明確的關(guān)系，但排除了其他三個選項(xiàng)。也就等于從反面證明了選項(xiàng)C是唯一可選的選項(xiàng)了。 【答案：C】

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