這樣看來,可以確定排除的選項是C和D,而A提到的記憶力與第二個實驗的關(guān)系比較大,很有可能是迷惑選項,這樣最好是選擇B。(C)
34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ________.
A) the video was not enjoyable at all
B) the outcome was beyond their control
C) they knew little about surgical procedures
D) they felt no pressure while watching the video(B)
題目問在第三段所描述的實驗中,觀看視頻的人經(jīng)歷了抗體的減少,原因是什么。
文章第三段提到阿姆斯特丹的這所研究中心進行了一項研究,研究分為兩組(two stressful experiences),不過文中只描述了其中觀看視頻的一組,另一組的具體情形沒有描述。而從全段來看,這缺失的一組對本題的回答是有幫助的。因此,可以猜測這里在排版時很可能又漏掉了一些內(nèi)容。另外,對第一組實驗的描述也存在問題。In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory video on surgical procedures,分析這個句子可知它沒有謂語,可以把a timed task看作是主語,that required memorizing a list是主語的定語從句。而followed by a short test是個省略了which的定語從句(which was followed by a short test),所以follow不是謂語。對follow不是謂語的判斷源于by這個詞,既然有by,就表示followed是被動語態(tài),那么一定要接在was后面,但這里was省略了,可以就此判斷這是個定語從句。這樣的話,前半句沒有出現(xiàn)謂語,那么后半句呢?后半句中沒有一個動詞,所以根本不可能存在謂語;subject可以作為動詞使用,表示“隸屬于”,但文章使用的過去時態(tài),subjects是一般現(xiàn)在時,不符合語法,所以subject不是動詞。
這樣只能認(rèn)為這又是一個錯句。如此多的錯誤出現(xiàn)在關(guān)鍵部位,文章的理解尚成問題,也就談不上正確回答問題了。
A,因為視頻一點也不好看。
B,這一結(jié)果是他們無法控制的。
C,他們對外科手術(shù)過程知之甚少。
D,觀看視頻時他們感覺不到壓力。
35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ________.
A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress
題目問Bruce McEwen醫(yī)生認(rèn)為什么。
可以看出本題考查的是對最后兩小段的理解。這兩段不難理解,其核心意思是短期壓力對人有益,長期壓力對人無益。
A, 人的記憶力是被身體里的荷爾蒙水平?jīng)Q定的。根據(jù)文意,荷爾蒙對人的記憶力產(chǎn)生了一定影響,但稱其“決定”了記憶力水平就太夸張了。
B, 壓力荷爾蒙對大腦有持續(xù)的積極影響。文中談到長期的壓力荷爾蒙對人有害(Sustained stress is not good for you),與本選項正好相反。
C,壓力荷爾蒙的短期爆發(fā)會加強記憶功能。In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function,這一句與C的說法完全一致。
D, 隨著人不斷感受到壓力,人的記憶力也隨之改善。continued experience of stress可以理解為長期的壓力,而根據(jù)文意,這種壓力對人體是有害的。
C的說法正確。
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but ...” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
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